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Basici Metabolic Pathways.pptx

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Quazi Majaz

The document discusses metabolic pathways in plants. It introduces the shikimic acid pathway, acetate pathway, and amino acid pathway. It then explains that the document will cover understanding phytochemistry, plant metabolites, biosynthesis, and interpreting the importance and applications of metabolic pathways. The document focuses on techniques used to investigate biosynthetic pathways of primary and secondary metabolites, with a detailed explanation of the tracer technique method using radioactive isotopes.

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Dr. Quazi Majaz A., Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ali Allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa
Introduction Shikkimic acid pathway Acetate Pathway Amino Acid Pathway After completion of this you will be able to understand Phytochemistry, Plant Metabolites, Biosynthesis etc To explain Shikkimic acid Pathway, Acetate Pathways and Amino acid Pathways To interpret Importance and application of Metabolic pathways 2
ADD A FOOTER 3 Synergize scalable e-commerce Sep 20XX DisEnzymestandardize d metrics Nov 20XX Coenzymes/ Cofactorsbusines s applications Jan 20XX Foster holistically superior methodologies March 20XX Deploy strategic networks with Parts of Cell May 20XX Phytochemicals Metbololites Metabolic Pathways Identification
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ADD A FOOTER 11 There are 5 techniques used for the investigation of biosynthetic pathway of primary and secondary metabolites. 1. Tracer technique 2. Use of isolated organ and tissues 3.Grafting method 4. Use of Mutant strains 5.Enzymatic studies Out of the above 5 methods, in Tracer technique method radioactive isotopes are used for the investigation of biogenetic studies.
ADD A FOOTER 12 Applicable for living systems. Wide ranges of isotopes are available. High sensitivity More effective Simple administration and isolation. Shows accurate results when enough metabolic time & technique is used. For different studies, different tracers can be used. For studies on nitrogen and amino acid, Labelled nitrogen gives specific information than carbon. Biosynthetic pathway can be traced by incorporating radioactive isotopes into the precursor or starting material. Location and quantity can be determined in biological system.
ADD A FOOTER 13 Steps involved in tracer techniques- 1. Preparation of labelled compound 2. Incorporation of labelled compound 3. Separation and isolation of labelled compound 4. Determination of nature of metabolites in various biochemical fractions.
ADD A FOOTER 14 Starting concentration of trace element must be sufficient to withstand dilution in the course of metabolism. Physical and chemical nature of compound must be known. Half-life should be sufficiently long. Should not damage the tissue system Should have low radiation energy. Instruments used to detect properties of metabolites are Scintillation chamber, GM counter, Autoradiography, NMR and MS- ionization technique.
ADD A FOOTER 15 i) Root feeding ii) Stem feeding iii) Direct injection iv) Infiltration v) Floating method vi) Spraying technique.
ADD A FOOTER 16 Different methods are used depending on nature of drug and its source. Soft tissue (Fresh)- Infusion, Maceration Hard tissue- Decoction and hot percolation Unorganized drug- Maceration with solvent Fat and oil- Non-polar solvent Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids- Slightly polar solvent Plant phenol- Polar solvent
ADD A FOOTER 17 Geiger-Muller counter scintillation counter ionisation chamber. MS NMR Autoradiography

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Basici Metabolic Pathways.pptx

  • 1. Dr. Quazi Majaz A., Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, Ali Allana College of Pharmacy, Akkalkuwa
  • 2. Introduction Shikkimic acid pathway Acetate Pathway Amino Acid Pathway After completion of this you will be able to understand Phytochemistry, Plant Metabolites, Biosynthesis etc To explain Shikkimic acid Pathway, Acetate Pathways and Amino acid Pathways To interpret Importance and application of Metabolic pathways 2
  • 3. ADD A FOOTER 3 Synergize scalable e-commerce Sep 20XX DisEnzymestandardize d metrics Nov 20XX Coenzymes/ Cofactorsbusines s applications Jan 20XX Foster holistically superior methodologies March 20XX Deploy strategic networks with Parts of Cell May 20XX Phytochemicals Metbololites Metabolic Pathways Identification
  • 11. ADD A FOOTER 11 There are 5 techniques used for the investigation of biosynthetic pathway of primary and secondary metabolites. 1. Tracer technique 2. Use of isolated organ and tissues 3.Grafting method 4. Use of Mutant strains 5.Enzymatic studies Out of the above 5 methods, in Tracer technique method radioactive isotopes are used for the investigation of biogenetic studies.
  • 12. ADD A FOOTER 12 Applicable for living systems. Wide ranges of isotopes are available. High sensitivity More effective Simple administration and isolation. Shows accurate results when enough metabolic time & technique is used. For different studies, different tracers can be used. For studies on nitrogen and amino acid, Labelled nitrogen gives specific information than carbon. Biosynthetic pathway can be traced by incorporating radioactive isotopes into the precursor or starting material. Location and quantity can be determined in biological system.
  • 13. ADD A FOOTER 13 Steps involved in tracer techniques- 1. Preparation of labelled compound 2. Incorporation of labelled compound 3. Separation and isolation of labelled compound 4. Determination of nature of metabolites in various biochemical fractions.
  • 14. ADD A FOOTER 14 Starting concentration of trace element must be sufficient to withstand dilution in the course of metabolism. Physical and chemical nature of compound must be known. Half-life should be sufficiently long. Should not damage the tissue system Should have low radiation energy. Instruments used to detect properties of metabolites are Scintillation chamber, GM counter, Autoradiography, NMR and MS- ionization technique.
  • 15. ADD A FOOTER 15 i) Root feeding ii) Stem feeding iii) Direct injection iv) Infiltration v) Floating method vi) Spraying technique.
  • 16. ADD A FOOTER 16 Different methods are used depending on nature of drug and its source. Soft tissue (Fresh)- Infusion, Maceration Hard tissue- Decoction and hot percolation Unorganized drug- Maceration with solvent Fat and oil- Non-polar solvent Alkaloids, Glycosides, Flavonoids- Slightly polar solvent Plant phenol- Polar solvent
  • 17. ADD A FOOTER 17 Geiger-Muller counter scintillation counter ionisation chamber. MS NMR Autoradiography