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Basics of-english-grammar-1205533999606300-3

Ntsoaki Malatjie
Ntsoaki Malatjie

The document provides an overview of basic English grammar concepts covered in the first semester, including: - Present tense of the verb "to be" and its forms (am, is, are) - Demonstratives (this, that, these, those) - Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, etc.) - Present continuous tense - The verb "can" to show ability - Common prepositions of place (at, on, in)

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BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, PRESENT CONTINOUS, CAN, PREPOSITIONS FIRST BIMESTER
PRESENT TENSE BE The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject. TO BE Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES They are doctors.AREThey We are friends.AREWe It is a city.ISIt She is my sister.ISShe He is in the lab.ISHe You are a student.AREYou I am a teacher.AMI ExampleVerb FormSubject
NEGATIVE SENTENCES You can make negative sentences similar to the sentences before. The only different is to add NOT after am, is, are, as you can see in the following chart. She is not sad They are not in the school
NEGATIVE SENTENCES Were not = We arent Youre not = You arent Theyre not = They arent We You are not They He`s not = He isnt Shes not = She isnt Its not = It isnt He She is not It I`m notI am not
YES / NO QUESTIONS In English we have to kind of questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions. The Yes / No Questions are called that because the answers always start with Yes or No Remember to answer Yes/No questions you have to pay attention to the subject.
YES / NO QUESTIONS Mary tall and thin. Mary tall and thin? Yes, she is / No, she isnt Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she is not tall and thin Affirmative Statement: Yes / No question: Short Answers: Full /Complete Answers: John and Peter students. John and Peter students? Yes, they are / No, they arent Yes, they are students. / No they are not students. Affirmative Statement: Yes / No question: Short Answers: Full /Complete Answers: are Are is Is
WH - QUESTIONS The wh-questions look for information accoding to the question word. In this kind of questions you never answer Yes or No, because they are asking for some information. The answer is a statement with the information according to the question word.
WH - QUESTIONS How are you? I am sad. How is Loja? It is small. State Form / manner How Where is he? In the house.PlacesWhere Who is the director of the school? Carlos Samaniego. PeopleWho What is this? It is a book. What is your name? Roberth. What do you do? I am a driver. What is he doing? Hes working Things Name Occupations Activities What ExampleInformation about Wh-word
REVIEW Are they doctors? Are we friends? Is it a city? Is she my sister? Is he in the lab? Are you a student? Am I a teacher? Yes/No Question They are not doctors. We are not friends. It is not a city. She is not my sister. He is not in the lab. You are not a student. I am not a teacher. Negative Statements Yes, they are / No they are not They are doctors. Yes, we are / No, we are not We are friends. Yes, it is / No, it is notIt is a city. Yes, she is / No, she is not She is my sister. Yes, he is / No, he is notHe is in the lab. Yes, I am / No, I am not You are a student. Yes, you are / No, you are not I am a teacher. Short AnswersStatement
DEMONSTRATIVES We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker. This is a blackboard These are papers THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns
DEMONSTRATIVES We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers. That is a lake. Those are mountains THAT + Singular Nouns THOSE + Plural Nouns
DEMONSTRATIVES Questions What is that? That is an airplane. Is that a bird? No, it is an airplane. What are those? Those are books Are those books? Yes, they are books.
PLURAL NOUNS cat - cats face - faces day days Add -smost others fly - flies try - tries curry curries Change y to i then Add es consonant + y boss - bosses tax - taxes bush - bushes Add -ess, x, ch or sh ExamplesForming the pluralNoun ending
IRREGULAR PLURAL potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes Add esEnds with - o half - halves wolf - wolves loaf - loaves Change f to v then Add es Ends with f knife - knives life - lives wife - wives Change f to v then Add s Ends with -fe ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
IRREGULAR PLURAL sheep deer fish (sometimes) Singular and plural are the same Unchanging man - men foot - feet child - children person - people tooth - teeth mouse - mice Change the vowel or Change the word or Add a different ending ALL KINDS ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES I My You Your He His She Her + It Its We Our They Their NOUN
POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES This is our house Her pants are blue His shirt is new This is her cat
POSSESSIVE FORM S Kevins wife is Rose. His wife is Rose. Charlies book is black. The Childs mother is happy
PREPOSITION OF PLACE At the bus station at home At the door at the top At work at the end of AT (lugar espec鱈fico) On a shelf on a wall On a plate on the table On a balcony on a door ON (sobre una superficie) In the house in a shop In a room in a town In a car in a garden IN (dentro de)
PRESENT CONTINOUS The present continous tense is used to describe activities that happen now, that means activities that are develop in the moment of speaking SingingAre We You They SingingIs He She It SingingAmI -ING FORM BESubject
PRESENT CONTINOUS They are not studying We are not walking It is not running She is not reading He is not sleeping You are not eating I am not dancing NEGATIVE Are they studying?They are studying Are we walking?We are walking Is it running?It is running Is she reading?She is reading Is he sleeping?He is sleeping Are you eating?You are eating Am I dancing?I am dancing YES/NO QUESTIONSAFFIRMATIVE
RULES coming lose - losing live living Remove E, then add INGcome 1 vowel + 1 consonant + E- swim - swimming hit - hitting get getting Double the consonant, then add ING 1 vowel + 1 consonant Examples How to make the -ING formVerb ending in... say - saying go - going walk - walking Add ING[anything else]
CAN / CANT Can is used to show ability They can dance He cant play the piano He can play football He can swim He can skate
NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS Can they walk ? Can we sing? Can it run? Can she swim? Can he play? Can you dance? Can I cook? YES/NO QUESTIONS Yes, they can / No, they cant Yes, we can / No, we cant Yes, it can / No, it cant Yes, she can / No, she cant Yes, he can / No, he can`t Yes I can / No I cant Yes, you can / No,you can卒t SHORT ANSWERS They can not walk We can not sing It can not run She can not swim He can not play You can not dance I can not cook NEGATIVE They can walk We can sing It can run She can swim He can play You can dance I can cook AFFIRMATIVE

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Basics of-english-grammar-1205533999606300-3

  • 1. BASICS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR PRESENT TENSE BE, DEMONSTRATIVES, POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES, PRESENT CONTINOUS, CAN, PREPOSITIONS FIRST BIMESTER
  • 2. PRESENT TENSE BE The verb BE has three forms: AM, IS, ARE, which we have to use according to the pronoun or subject. TO BE Occupations Nouns Adjectives Places
  • 3. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES They are doctors.AREThey We are friends.AREWe It is a city.ISIt She is my sister.ISShe He is in the lab.ISHe You are a student.AREYou I am a teacher.AMI ExampleVerb FormSubject
  • 4. NEGATIVE SENTENCES You can make negative sentences similar to the sentences before. The only different is to add NOT after am, is, are, as you can see in the following chart. She is not sad They are not in the school
  • 5. NEGATIVE SENTENCES Were not = We arent Youre not = You arent Theyre not = They arent We You are not They He`s not = He isnt Shes not = She isnt Its not = It isnt He She is not It I`m notI am not
  • 6. YES / NO QUESTIONS In English we have to kind of questions: Yes/No questions and Wh-questions. The Yes / No Questions are called that because the answers always start with Yes or No Remember to answer Yes/No questions you have to pay attention to the subject.
  • 7. YES / NO QUESTIONS Mary tall and thin. Mary tall and thin? Yes, she is / No, she isnt Yes, she is tall and thin. / No, she is not tall and thin Affirmative Statement: Yes / No question: Short Answers: Full /Complete Answers: John and Peter students. John and Peter students? Yes, they are / No, they arent Yes, they are students. / No they are not students. Affirmative Statement: Yes / No question: Short Answers: Full /Complete Answers: are Are is Is
  • 8. WH - QUESTIONS The wh-questions look for information accoding to the question word. In this kind of questions you never answer Yes or No, because they are asking for some information. The answer is a statement with the information according to the question word.
  • 9. WH - QUESTIONS How are you? I am sad. How is Loja? It is small. State Form / manner How Where is he? In the house.PlacesWhere Who is the director of the school? Carlos Samaniego. PeopleWho What is this? It is a book. What is your name? Roberth. What do you do? I am a driver. What is he doing? Hes working Things Name Occupations Activities What ExampleInformation about Wh-word
  • 10. REVIEW Are they doctors? Are we friends? Is it a city? Is she my sister? Is he in the lab? Are you a student? Am I a teacher? Yes/No Question They are not doctors. We are not friends. It is not a city. She is not my sister. He is not in the lab. You are not a student. I am not a teacher. Negative Statements Yes, they are / No they are not They are doctors. Yes, we are / No, we are not We are friends. Yes, it is / No, it is notIt is a city. Yes, she is / No, she is not She is my sister. Yes, he is / No, he is notHe is in the lab. Yes, I am / No, I am not You are a student. Yes, you are / No, you are not I am a teacher. Short AnswersStatement
  • 11. DEMONSTRATIVES We use THIS / THESE when the objects are near to the speaker. This is a blackboard These are papers THIS +Singular Nouns THESE + Plural Nouns
  • 12. DEMONSTRATIVES We use THAT / THOSE when the objects are far from the speakers. That is a lake. Those are mountains THAT + Singular Nouns THOSE + Plural Nouns
  • 13. DEMONSTRATIVES Questions What is that? That is an airplane. Is that a bird? No, it is an airplane. What are those? Those are books Are those books? Yes, they are books.
  • 14. PLURAL NOUNS cat - cats face - faces day days Add -smost others fly - flies try - tries curry curries Change y to i then Add es consonant + y boss - bosses tax - taxes bush - bushes Add -ess, x, ch or sh ExamplesForming the pluralNoun ending
  • 15. IRREGULAR PLURAL potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes volcano - volcanoes Add esEnds with - o half - halves wolf - wolves loaf - loaves Change f to v then Add es Ends with f knife - knives life - lives wife - wives Change f to v then Add s Ends with -fe ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
  • 16. IRREGULAR PLURAL sheep deer fish (sometimes) Singular and plural are the same Unchanging man - men foot - feet child - children person - people tooth - teeth mouse - mice Change the vowel or Change the word or Add a different ending ALL KINDS ExamplesForming the pluralNoun type
  • 17. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES I My You Your He His She Her + It Its We Our They Their NOUN
  • 18. POSSESSIVE ADJTECTIVES This is our house Her pants are blue His shirt is new This is her cat
  • 19. POSSESSIVE FORM S Kevins wife is Rose. His wife is Rose. Charlies book is black. The Childs mother is happy
  • 20. PREPOSITION OF PLACE At the bus station at home At the door at the top At work at the end of AT (lugar espec鱈fico) On a shelf on a wall On a plate on the table On a balcony on a door ON (sobre una superficie) In the house in a shop In a room in a town In a car in a garden IN (dentro de)
  • 21. PRESENT CONTINOUS The present continous tense is used to describe activities that happen now, that means activities that are develop in the moment of speaking SingingAre We You They SingingIs He She It SingingAmI -ING FORM BESubject
  • 22. PRESENT CONTINOUS They are not studying We are not walking It is not running She is not reading He is not sleeping You are not eating I am not dancing NEGATIVE Are they studying?They are studying Are we walking?We are walking Is it running?It is running Is she reading?She is reading Is he sleeping?He is sleeping Are you eating?You are eating Am I dancing?I am dancing YES/NO QUESTIONSAFFIRMATIVE
  • 23. RULES coming lose - losing live living Remove E, then add INGcome 1 vowel + 1 consonant + E- swim - swimming hit - hitting get getting Double the consonant, then add ING 1 vowel + 1 consonant Examples How to make the -ING formVerb ending in... say - saying go - going walk - walking Add ING[anything else]
  • 24. CAN / CANT Can is used to show ability They can dance He cant play the piano He can play football He can swim He can skate
  • 25. NEGATIVE AND QUESTIONS Can they walk ? Can we sing? Can it run? Can she swim? Can he play? Can you dance? Can I cook? YES/NO QUESTIONS Yes, they can / No, they cant Yes, we can / No, we cant Yes, it can / No, it cant Yes, she can / No, she cant Yes, he can / No, he can`t Yes I can / No I cant Yes, you can / No,you can卒t SHORT ANSWERS They can not walk We can not sing It can not run She can not swim He can not play You can not dance I can not cook NEGATIVE They can walk We can sing It can run She can swim He can play You can dance I can cook AFFIRMATIVE