This document discusses various aspects of culture and cross-cultural consumer analysis. It begins by defining culture and listing its key components. It then outlines some characteristics of culture, including that culture is invented, learned, shared, satisfies needs, and is not static. The document also discusses the functions of culture for individuals and groups. It lists different types of cultures and provides examples. The document then shifts to discussing cross-cultural marketing, its objectives to understand consumer similarities and differences across cultures. It lists key areas of research for cross-cultural analysis and examples of past marketing mishaps across cultures. Finally, it outlines some cultural variations in the use of time, space, friendship, agreements, symbols and etiquette.
3. Topic Covers
Meaning of culture
Components
Characteristics
functions
Types of culture
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4. Meaning
Culture may be defined as the personality of
a society. It is broad and all pervasive in
nature, inclusive of language, customs and
traditions, norms and laws, religion, art and
music, etc.
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6. Characteristics of Culture
Culture is invented
Ideological component
Technological component
Consumer component
Culture is leaned
Culture is shared
Culture satisfies needs
Culture is not static
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7. Functions of Culture (Individual)
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Importance to the
individual
Distinguishes
man from animal
Provides solution
for complicated
situations
Provides
traditional
interpretation to
certain situations
Shapes
personality
8. Functions of Culture (Group)
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Importance
for the group
Keeps social
relationship
intact
Given a new
vision to the
individual
Creates new
needs
9. Types of Culture
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Consumer culture
Mass culture
CAMPPI
Low culture
Popular culture
Folk culture
A CARAT
Global culture
12. Cross-cultural consumer analysis
Cross Culture Marketing
Objectives of cross cultural marketing
Area of Research for Cross Cultural Analysis
Cross- cultural marketing mishaps
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13. Cross Culture Marketing
Cross-cultural marketing is the strategic
process of marketing to consumers whose
culture is different from that of the marketer's
own culture.
Cross-cultural marketing involves advertising
to people in specific cultures as well as
appealing to personal interests across
cultures.
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14. Objectives
To determine how consumers in two or more
societies are similar and devise suitable
strategy.
To formulate marketing strategy if cultural
beliefs, values and customs of a specific
country are different.
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15. Area of Research for Cross Cultural
Analysis
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Language Differences
Differences in market segmentation
Differences in criteria for evaluating products and
services
Differences in consumption pattern of consumers and
perceived benefits of products and services
Differences in economic and cultural, social condition
and family structure.
16. Cross- cultural marketing Mishaps
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Translation
blunder
Coca-
Cola
China
Sounds
likes
blunder
Clairol Germany
Celebrity
endorsement
blunder
FIAT China
Appropriateness
blunder P&G Japan
Countries-
branding-
customs
blunder
Gerber Africa
17. Cultural Variations & Non-verbal
Communication
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Use of time
Use of
space
Friendship
Agreements Things Symbols
Etiquette
18. Time
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Monochronic culture Polychronic culture
Do one thing at a time. Do many things at once.
Concentrate on the job. Highly distractible and subject to
interruption.
Take deadlines and schedules
seriously.
Consider deadlines and
schedules secondary.
Committed to job Committed to people and
relationships.
Adhere religiously to plans Change plan often and easily
Emphasize promptness Base promptness on
relationship
Accustomed to short term
relationships.
Prefer long term relationships
19. Space
Space may be related to prestige rather than
the need. The higher the office, the bigger the
office space and so on.
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