The document discusses how orchids and their velamen roots help protect the planet by absorbing atmospheric pollutants. The velamen is a spongy, multi-layered tissue that covers orchid roots and is capable of absorbing moisture, nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, and pollutants including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitric oxide, and sulfur dioxide from the air. This allows orchids to grow in locations with improved exposure and reduced competition from other plants. Orchids also possess a CO2 concentrating mechanism that operates by reducing CO2 into carbohydrates at night and day, helping the plant more efficiently convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates through photosynthesis.
6. Velamen
Velamen is a Spongy, multiple epidermis
Velamen covers the Orchid roots
Velamen is the white or gray covering of aerial roots
Velamen made up of Many cell layers thick
7. Velamen
Velamen capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture and nutrients,
The roots of orchids are associated with symbiotic fungi or bacteria;
the latter may fix nutrients from the air.
This functionality allows the orchid to exist in locations
that provide a reproductive or vegetative advantage
such as improved exposure or reduced competition from other plants
8. Velamen
Velamen capable of absorbing atmospheric moisture & (C,N,S,K,P Etc)
Orchids roots are associated with symbiotic fungi or bacteria;
the latter may fix nutrients from the air
This functionality allows the orchid to exist in locations
that provide a reproductive or vegetative advantage
such as improved exposure or reduced competition from other plants
10. CAM Plant Orchid
To increase their intracellular CO2 concentration at the site of its fixation
which allowed the primary Carboxylating enzyme
rubisco to function more efficiently.
The CO2 concentrating mechanism possessed by Orchids
operates by sequentially
Reducing CO2 into carbohydrates at two different times of day.
The initial reduction of CO2 into a four-carbon sugar is done at night
when CAM plant stomata are open - by the enzyme PEP-carboxylase.
Then, during the day when CAM plant stomata are closed,
the four-carbon sugar is decarboxylated,
increasing the plant's intercellular CO2 concentration,
and the resulting CO2 is subsequently reduced back into a carbohydrate,