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Bedbugs the hidden enemy

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Amanda Myers

Bedbugs have reemerged as a problem in the United States after being largely eradicated in the 1930s. They have developed resistance to pesticides and spread through travel and transient populations. Bedbugs live in human dwellings and feed exclusively on human blood. They are small, brown, oval insects that are difficult to see and can hide in many small spaces around homes. Proper identification, treatment by licensed professionals using approved pesticides, thorough cleaning, and preventative measures are needed to address bedbug infestations.

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The Hidden Enemy By Eric C. Ratcliff
Bedbugs Are Back! Eradicated in the U.S. in the 30s with DDT Brought back into U.S. by travelers & foreigners Now resistant to DDT & other pesticides Spread by transients & others Carried from place to place May now be found in any public place, especially schools & day care centers
Historical Perspective Evolved with man & adapted to human habitations Bedbugs are mentioned in ancient Egyptian & Greek literature Introduced to North America by colonists from Europe
The Enemy Revealed! Adult Bedbug
Adult Bedbug Actual Size
Bedbug Nymphs
Bedbugs eggs
Bedbug Eggs
Identification size & shape Adults oval Adults about size of apple seed (1/4) 1st stage nymphs < 1/10 Flattened when unfed Swollen after feeding Eggs cylindrical & 1/32 long
Color Adult bedbugs are brown when unfed reddish brown after feeding Young nymphs are light brown when unfed red after feeding Eggs are off white
Bedbug Nymphs Before Feeding After Feeding
Bedbug Life Cycle Female lays 1 12 eggs/day Eggs hatch in 6 17 days 5 nymphal stages Development from egg to adult affected by temperature 21 days at 86 deg F, 120 days at 65 deg F Live 12 to 18 months Need blood meal to breed & grow
Bedbugs the hidden enemy
Feeding Habits Nocturnal hide during day & come out at night to feed Feed only on blood usually human blood Can feed on pets or other animals Sharp beak pierces skin Inject salivary fluid with anitcoagulant Adults feed 10 to 15 minutes Nymphs become engorged within 3 minutes
Bedbug Bite Bite is initially painless Allergic reaction in some people, i.e. welts & severe itching Reaction may take 2 weeks No reaction in some people No evidence of disease transmission Can lead to anxiety & sleeplessness
Bedbug Bites
Nymph Feeding On Finger
Treatment of Bites Do not scratch scratching can lead to infection Wash affected areas bedbugs defecate as they feed Cortisone cream may be used to reduce itching
Bedbugs Crawl, but not as fast as cockroaches Cannot fly, jump, or hop Tend to cluster together Able to hide in small cracks due to flattened body May be seen during day if infestation is severe Prefer to lay eggs on rough surfaces
Bedbugs External dont live on body Usually found near food source, i.e. where people are sleeping or resting Can travel relatively long distances to feed Not caused by bad housekeeping or hygiene Poor housekeeping will hinder extermination or make it virtually impossible
Hiding Places Mattress & box springs, especially seams Couches, easy chairs, & other furniture Behind baseboards & under carpet Electric outlets & switch plates Drapes, wallpaper, & picture frames
Hiding Places Peeling wallpaper Light fixtures Clothing Toys Nicknacks Anything else you can think of
Signs of Infestation Live & dead bedbugs Shed skins & egg shells Black fecal spots Blood stains from crushed bugs Blood Smears
Bedbugs On Mattress Seam
Bedbugs on Carpet
Bedbugs Behind Baseboard
Bedbug Treatment Inform landlord ASAP Strongly recommend licensed professional Licensed professional must be hired if more than 4 units in one place Eliminate clutter Check all possessions for bedbugs Pack up as much as possible
Treating With Pesticides Residual insecticides w/ pyrethroids Available at hardware stores Not as effective as restricted use pesticides available to licensed applicators Must be labeled for use on bedbugs Follow directions on label dont overdo it The label is the law
Treatment Methods No insecticides labeled for use on bedding Insecticides available for treating mattress Diatomaceous earth Beware of products sold on the internet Dispose of heavily infested items Killed by 120 degree heat More resistant to cold temperatures
Treatment Methods Wash bedding & clothing in hot water and/or dry on high heat for 20 to 30 minutes Vacuum thoroughly empty container or bag Remove and discard crushed bugs Steam heat for furniture
Treatment Methods Buy good quality mattress bags Check bed every day Use cups under bed legs Heat treatment Cold treatment Search & destroy Must be aggressive
Professional Exterminators Should treat every two weeks Once a month not sufficient Usually treat 2 to 3 times Will not treat if theres too much clutter Cost of treatment between landlord & tenant
Bedbug Prevention Be careful who you visit & who visits you Check used furniture before bringing it home Check book bags & purses Avoid sleepovers Seal cracks & holes
Prevention When Traveling Check hotel/motel room for bedbugs, especially mattress, box spring, & headboard Dont unpack suitcases Place suitcases on rack After returning, check suitcases, clothing, & other items before bringing inside
Tips for Home Care Visitors Dont sit on upholstered furniture Dont place bags on floor Dont bring in unnecessary items Wear disposable coveralls & booties Check for bedbugs after visit Change clothes before going home
Tips for Schools Educate parents & kids Encourage personal inspections Keep eyes peeled Separate coat storage Prohibit book bags Use clothes dryer if available Keep infested kids at home
Licensed Applicators Recommend maintenance personnel become licensed pesticide applicators Licensing by Ohio Dept. of Agriculture Pay fee, study provided materials, take test Yearly renewal fee Recertification every three years www.agri.ohio.gov
Regulatory Agency Regulatory authority is CCGHD Sanitarian investigates written complaints Will issue orders if appropriate Cannot provide material assistance or funds Can provide information & training
Resource List www.ohioline.osu.edu www.clermonthealthdistrict.org www.odh.ohio.gov www.centralohiobedbugs.org
The End

More Related Content

Bedbugs the hidden enemy

  • 1. The Hidden Enemy By Eric C. Ratcliff
  • 2. Bedbugs Are Back! Eradicated in the U.S. in the 30s with DDT Brought back into U.S. by travelers & foreigners Now resistant to DDT & other pesticides Spread by transients & others Carried from place to place May now be found in any public place, especially schools & day care centers
  • 3. Historical Perspective Evolved with man & adapted to human habitations Bedbugs are mentioned in ancient Egyptian & Greek literature Introduced to North America by colonists from Europe
  • 9. Identification size & shape Adults oval Adults about size of apple seed (1/4) 1st stage nymphs < 1/10 Flattened when unfed Swollen after feeding Eggs cylindrical & 1/32 long
  • 10. Color Adult bedbugs are brown when unfed reddish brown after feeding Young nymphs are light brown when unfed red after feeding Eggs are off white
  • 12. Bedbug Life Cycle Female lays 1 12 eggs/day Eggs hatch in 6 17 days 5 nymphal stages Development from egg to adult affected by temperature 21 days at 86 deg F, 120 days at 65 deg F Live 12 to 18 months Need blood meal to breed & grow
  • 14. Feeding Habits Nocturnal hide during day & come out at night to feed Feed only on blood usually human blood Can feed on pets or other animals Sharp beak pierces skin Inject salivary fluid with anitcoagulant Adults feed 10 to 15 minutes Nymphs become engorged within 3 minutes
  • 15. Bedbug Bite Bite is initially painless Allergic reaction in some people, i.e. welts & severe itching Reaction may take 2 weeks No reaction in some people No evidence of disease transmission Can lead to anxiety & sleeplessness
  • 18. Treatment of Bites Do not scratch scratching can lead to infection Wash affected areas bedbugs defecate as they feed Cortisone cream may be used to reduce itching
  • 19. Bedbugs Crawl, but not as fast as cockroaches Cannot fly, jump, or hop Tend to cluster together Able to hide in small cracks due to flattened body May be seen during day if infestation is severe Prefer to lay eggs on rough surfaces
  • 20. Bedbugs External dont live on body Usually found near food source, i.e. where people are sleeping or resting Can travel relatively long distances to feed Not caused by bad housekeeping or hygiene Poor housekeeping will hinder extermination or make it virtually impossible
  • 21. Hiding Places Mattress & box springs, especially seams Couches, easy chairs, & other furniture Behind baseboards & under carpet Electric outlets & switch plates Drapes, wallpaper, & picture frames
  • 22. Hiding Places Peeling wallpaper Light fixtures Clothing Toys Nicknacks Anything else you can think of
  • 23. Signs of Infestation Live & dead bedbugs Shed skins & egg shells Black fecal spots Blood stains from crushed bugs Blood Smears
  • 27. Bedbug Treatment Inform landlord ASAP Strongly recommend licensed professional Licensed professional must be hired if more than 4 units in one place Eliminate clutter Check all possessions for bedbugs Pack up as much as possible
  • 28. Treating With Pesticides Residual insecticides w/ pyrethroids Available at hardware stores Not as effective as restricted use pesticides available to licensed applicators Must be labeled for use on bedbugs Follow directions on label dont overdo it The label is the law
  • 29. Treatment Methods No insecticides labeled for use on bedding Insecticides available for treating mattress Diatomaceous earth Beware of products sold on the internet Dispose of heavily infested items Killed by 120 degree heat More resistant to cold temperatures
  • 30. Treatment Methods Wash bedding & clothing in hot water and/or dry on high heat for 20 to 30 minutes Vacuum thoroughly empty container or bag Remove and discard crushed bugs Steam heat for furniture
  • 31. Treatment Methods Buy good quality mattress bags Check bed every day Use cups under bed legs Heat treatment Cold treatment Search & destroy Must be aggressive
  • 32. Professional Exterminators Should treat every two weeks Once a month not sufficient Usually treat 2 to 3 times Will not treat if theres too much clutter Cost of treatment between landlord & tenant
  • 33. Bedbug Prevention Be careful who you visit & who visits you Check used furniture before bringing it home Check book bags & purses Avoid sleepovers Seal cracks & holes
  • 34. Prevention When Traveling Check hotel/motel room for bedbugs, especially mattress, box spring, & headboard Dont unpack suitcases Place suitcases on rack After returning, check suitcases, clothing, & other items before bringing inside
  • 35. Tips for Home Care Visitors Dont sit on upholstered furniture Dont place bags on floor Dont bring in unnecessary items Wear disposable coveralls & booties Check for bedbugs after visit Change clothes before going home
  • 36. Tips for Schools Educate parents & kids Encourage personal inspections Keep eyes peeled Separate coat storage Prohibit book bags Use clothes dryer if available Keep infested kids at home
  • 37. Licensed Applicators Recommend maintenance personnel become licensed pesticide applicators Licensing by Ohio Dept. of Agriculture Pay fee, study provided materials, take test Yearly renewal fee Recertification every three years www.agri.ohio.gov
  • 38. Regulatory Agency Regulatory authority is CCGHD Sanitarian investigates written complaints Will issue orders if appropriate Cannot provide material assistance or funds Can provide information & training
  • 39. Resource List www.ohioline.osu.edu www.clermonthealthdistrict.org www.odh.ohio.gov www.centralohiobedbugs.org