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Belly Gestures: Body Centric 
Gestures on the Abdomen 
Dong-Bach Vo 1,2, Eric Lecolinet 2, Yves Guiard 2 
1 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom 
2 T辿l辿com Paristech, France
Motivation 
2
On-body interaction 
3 
! 
 Always available 
! 
 Eyes-free interaction 
 Proprioception 
 Tactile feedback
Related work 
4 
[Harrison et al., 2010] 
[Sato et al., 2012] 
[Bailly et al., 2012] 
[Holz et al., 2012]
Related work 
5 
[Serrano et al., 2014] 
[Lin et al., 2011]
Related work 
6
Related work 
7 
束 Participants were most efficient with 
targets on the torso [] 損 
[Wagner et al. 2013]
Related work 
8 
束 This would make the sternum well 
suited [] to be used during sports. 損 
[Karrer et al. 2011]
Abdomen as an interactive surface 
9 
Relatively large Easy access Stable Intimate
Mental spatial representation 
Perception of cutaneous stimuli [Parsons & Shimojo, 
1987] 
! 
10
11 
束 Without looking at your abdomen, 
how would you draw the number two on it 
with your right hand? 損
User experiment 
Inversion relative to vertical axis 
No 
Yes No 
Yes 
Inversion relative to horizontal axis 
A B 
C D 
12 
Two 
 12 users 
 2 factors: nature x presentation 
 Subjective preferences questionnaire
Experimental design 
13 
Up Up 
Right 
Right Down 
Right 
Down Down 
Left 
Left Up 
Left 
One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Zero 
Textual Graphical Textual Graphical 
Directional Material 
Digit Material
Possible spatial representations 
14 
Inversion relative to vertical axis 
No 
Yes No 
Yes 
Inversion relative to horizontal axis 
A B 
C D
Possible spatial representations 
15 
Inversion relative to vertical axis 
No 
Yes No 
Yes 
Inversion relative to horizontal axis 
A B 
C D
Possible spatial representations 
16 
Inversion relative to vertical axis 
No 
Yes No 
Yes 
Inversion relative to horizontal axis 
A B 
C D
Rates of inversions relative to axes 
17 
Digit Direction 
0.4 
0.2 
0.0 
Graphical Textual Graphical Textual 
Axis 
Horizontal 
Vertical
Rates of inversions relative to axes 
18 
Digit Direction 
0.4 
0.2 
0.0 
Graphical Textual Graphical Textual 
Axis 
Horizontal 
Vertical
Rates of inversions relative to axes 
19 
Digit Direction 
0.4 
0.2 
0.0 
Graphical Textual Graphical Textual 
Axis 
Horizontal 
Vertical
Rates of inversions relative to axes 
20 
Digit Direction 
0.4 
0.2 
0.0 
Graphical Textual Graphical Textual 
Axis 
Horizontal 
Vertical
Subjective preferences 
21 
6 
4 
2 
0 
Easy Fast Pleasant Precise Tiring 
Material 
Digit 
Direction
How users perform directional gestures? 
22
Linearity of directional gestures 
23 
1.00 
0.95 
0.90 
EAST 
NORTH EAST 
NORTH 
NORTH WEST 
WEST 
SOUTH WEST 
SOUTH 
SOUTH EAST
Linearity of directional gestures 
24 
1.00 
0.95 
0.90 
EAST 
NORTH EAST 
NORTH 
NORTH WEST 
WEST 
SOUTH WEST 
SOUTH 
SOUTH EAST 
Extension 
Flexion
Mean directional biases of gestures 
25 
0 
45 
90 
135 
180 
225 
270 
315 
EAST 
SOUTH EAST 
SOUTH 
SOUTH WEST 
WEST 
NORTH WEST 
NORTH 
NORTH EAST
Design recommendations 
 Favor directional gestures when possible 
! 
 Provide to users means to select up/down 
direction preferences 
! 
 Favor rotation invariant symbols for complex 
gestures 
! 
 Gesture design should take into account 
efforts to move the arm 
26
Thank you 
27 
Belly Gestures: Body Centric 
Gestures on the Abdomen 
Dong-Bach Vo 1,2, Eric Lecolinet 2, Yves Guiard 2 
1 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom 
2 T辿l辿com Paristech, France 
dong-bach.vo@glasgow.ac.uk
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Belly gestures: Body Centric Gestures on the Abdomen

  • 1. Belly Gestures: Body Centric Gestures on the Abdomen Dong-Bach Vo 1,2, Eric Lecolinet 2, Yves Guiard 2 1 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom 2 T辿l辿com Paristech, France
  • 3. On-body interaction 3 ! Always available ! Eyes-free interaction Proprioception Tactile feedback
  • 4. Related work 4 [Harrison et al., 2010] [Sato et al., 2012] [Bailly et al., 2012] [Holz et al., 2012]
  • 5. Related work 5 [Serrano et al., 2014] [Lin et al., 2011]
  • 7. Related work 7 束 Participants were most efficient with targets on the torso [] 損 [Wagner et al. 2013]
  • 8. Related work 8 束 This would make the sternum well suited [] to be used during sports. 損 [Karrer et al. 2011]
  • 9. Abdomen as an interactive surface 9 Relatively large Easy access Stable Intimate
  • 10. Mental spatial representation Perception of cutaneous stimuli [Parsons & Shimojo, 1987] ! 10
  • 11. 11 束 Without looking at your abdomen, how would you draw the number two on it with your right hand? 損
  • 12. User experiment Inversion relative to vertical axis No Yes No Yes Inversion relative to horizontal axis A B C D 12 Two 12 users 2 factors: nature x presentation Subjective preferences questionnaire
  • 13. Experimental design 13 Up Up Right Right Down Right Down Down Left Left Up Left One Two Three Four Five Six Seven Eight Nine Zero Textual Graphical Textual Graphical Directional Material Digit Material
  • 14. Possible spatial representations 14 Inversion relative to vertical axis No Yes No Yes Inversion relative to horizontal axis A B C D
  • 15. Possible spatial representations 15 Inversion relative to vertical axis No Yes No Yes Inversion relative to horizontal axis A B C D
  • 16. Possible spatial representations 16 Inversion relative to vertical axis No Yes No Yes Inversion relative to horizontal axis A B C D
  • 17. Rates of inversions relative to axes 17 Digit Direction 0.4 0.2 0.0 Graphical Textual Graphical Textual Axis Horizontal Vertical
  • 18. Rates of inversions relative to axes 18 Digit Direction 0.4 0.2 0.0 Graphical Textual Graphical Textual Axis Horizontal Vertical
  • 19. Rates of inversions relative to axes 19 Digit Direction 0.4 0.2 0.0 Graphical Textual Graphical Textual Axis Horizontal Vertical
  • 20. Rates of inversions relative to axes 20 Digit Direction 0.4 0.2 0.0 Graphical Textual Graphical Textual Axis Horizontal Vertical
  • 21. Subjective preferences 21 6 4 2 0 Easy Fast Pleasant Precise Tiring Material Digit Direction
  • 22. How users perform directional gestures? 22
  • 23. Linearity of directional gestures 23 1.00 0.95 0.90 EAST NORTH EAST NORTH NORTH WEST WEST SOUTH WEST SOUTH SOUTH EAST
  • 24. Linearity of directional gestures 24 1.00 0.95 0.90 EAST NORTH EAST NORTH NORTH WEST WEST SOUTH WEST SOUTH SOUTH EAST Extension Flexion
  • 25. Mean directional biases of gestures 25 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 EAST SOUTH EAST SOUTH SOUTH WEST WEST NORTH WEST NORTH NORTH EAST
  • 26. Design recommendations Favor directional gestures when possible ! Provide to users means to select up/down direction preferences ! Favor rotation invariant symbols for complex gestures ! Gesture design should take into account efforts to move the arm 26
  • 27. Thank you 27 Belly Gestures: Body Centric Gestures on the Abdomen Dong-Bach Vo 1,2, Eric Lecolinet 2, Yves Guiard 2 1 University of Glasgow, United Kingdom 2 T辿l辿com Paristech, France dong-bach.vo@glasgow.ac.uk