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Smith	
 	
 7	
 




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        	
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Figure	
 1.	
 Sierpinski	
 triangle.	
 (fair	
 use)	
 

            A	
  graphical	
  variant	
  would	
  be	
  the	
  well-足known	
  Sierpinski	
  triangle	
  (see	
  fig.	
  1),	
  which	
  can	
 

itself	
 be	
 expressed	
 as	
 a	
 mathematical	
 algorithm.	
 All	
 of	
 these	
 examples	
 help	
 to	
 create	
 a	
 working	
 	
 

definition	
 that	
 cases	
 of	
 recursion,	
 as	
 Corballis	
 puts	
 it,	
 	
 

                                                                 can	
  take	
  its	
  own	
  output	
  as	
  the	
  next	
  input,	
  a	
  loop	
  that	
  can	
  be	
  extended	
 

                                                                 indefinitely	
  to	
  create	
  sequences	
  or	
  structures	
  of	
  unbounded	
  length	
  or	
 

                                                                 complexity.	
 In	
 practice,	
 of	
 course,	
 we	
 do	
 not	
 get	
 caught	
 up	
 in	
 infinite	
 loops-足life	
 is	
 

                                                                 simply	
  too	
  short	
  for	
  that.	
  For	
  the	
  purposes	
  of	
  this	
  book,	
  then,	
  we	
  shall	
  no	
  be	
 

                                                                 interested	
  so	
  much	
  in	
  the	
  generation	
  of	
  infinite	
  sequences	
  as	
  in	
  a	
  definition	
  that	
 

                                                                 might	
 apply	
 usefully	
 to	
 human	
 thought.	
 A	
 definition	
 that	
 meets	
 this	
 requirement	
 

                                                                 is	
  suggested	
  by	
  Steven	
  Pinker	
  and	
  Ray	
  Jackendoff,	
  who	
  define	
  recursion	
  as	
  a	
 

                                                                 procedure	
  that	
  calls	
  itself,	
  or	
  a	
  constituent	
  that	
  contains	
  a	
  constituent	
  of	
  the	
 

                                                                 same	
 kind.27	
 



            	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 	
 
            27
            	
 Steven	
 Pinker	
 and	
 Ray	
 Jackendoff,	
 The	
 faculty	
 of	
 language:	
 whats	
 special	
 about	
 it?	
 	
 
Michael	
  C	
  Corballis,	
  The	
  Recursive	
  Mind:	
  The	
  Origins	
  of	
  Human	
  Language,	
  Thought,	
  and	
 
Civilization	
 (Princeton:	
 Princeton	
 University	
 Press,	
 2011),
Smith	
 	
 8	
 

             Reflexively,	
 in	
 composing	
 this	
 essay,	
 I	
 had	
 originally	
 intended	
 to	
 give	
 the	
 earlier	
 portion	
 

of	
  that	
  quote,	
  and	
  skip	
  ahead	
  to	
  make	
  a	
  segue	
  back	
  into	
  the	
  scholarly	
  through-足line	
  of	
 

Bernsteins	
 musico-足linguistic	
 meme	
 (via	
 Jackendoff)	
 as	
 there	
 is	
 no	
 need	
 to	
 include	
 the	
 middle	
 

portion	
 describing	
 the	
 outlook	
 of	
 the	
 book.	
 However,	
 it	
 occurred	
 to	
 me	
 while	
 writing	
 that	
 this	
 in	
 

itself	
  is	
  a	
  perfect	
  example	
  of	
  the	
  latter	
  Pinker/Jackendoff	
  definition:	
  in	
  order	
  to	
  define	
 

recursion,	
 a	
 passage	
 from	
 a	
 source	
 is	
 quoted	
 in	
 which:	
 in	
 order	
 to	
 define	
 recursion,	
 a	
 passage	
 

from	
  another	
  source	
  is	
  quoted.	
  Further,	
  the	
  previous	
  sentence	
  itself	
  is	
  both	
  a	
  description	
  of	
 

recursion	
  and	
  is	
  itself	
  recursive.	
  Lastly,	
  and	
  at	
  the	
  risk	
  of	
  absurdity,	
  it	
  is	
  worth	
  pointing	
  out	
  that	
 

the	
 very	
 act	
 of	
 composing	
 this	
 paragraph	
 occurred	
 to	
 me	
 as	
 an	
 exercise	
 in	
 recursion	
 in	
 which	
 I	
 

am	
 composing	
 a	
 paragraph	
 in	
 which	
 I	
 discuss	
 the	
 act	
 of	
 writing	
 that	
 very	
 same	
 paragraph.	
 This	
 

multivalent	
  form	
  of	
  recursion	
  is	
  a	
  linguistic	
  analog	
  of	
  the	
  famous	
  2	
  Hands	
  Drawing	
  by	
  M.C.	
 

Escher.	
  However,	
  in	
  order	
  to	
  proceed,	
  the	
  advice	
  of	
  Mr.	
  Corballis	
  must	
  be	
  followed	
  and	
  the	
 

essay	
 must	
 now	
 withdraw	
 from	
 the	
 loop	
 in	
 order	
 to	
 proceed.	
 

             	
 




                                                                                                                              	
 
                                                 Figure	
 2.	
 M.C.	
 Escher,	
 Drawing	
 Hands,	
 1948	
 (fair	
 use)

More Related Content

Bernstein Meme Handout

  • 1. Smith 7 Figure 1. Sierpinski triangle. (fair use) A graphical variant would be the well-足known Sierpinski triangle (see fig. 1), which can itself be expressed as a mathematical algorithm. All of these examples help to create a working definition that cases of recursion, as Corballis puts it, can take its own output as the next input, a loop that can be extended indefinitely to create sequences or structures of unbounded length or complexity. In practice, of course, we do not get caught up in infinite loops-足life is simply too short for that. For the purposes of this book, then, we shall no be interested so much in the generation of infinite sequences as in a definition that might apply usefully to human thought. A definition that meets this requirement is suggested by Steven Pinker and Ray Jackendoff, who define recursion as a procedure that calls itself, or a constituent that contains a constituent of the same kind.27 27 Steven Pinker and Ray Jackendoff, The faculty of language: whats special about it? Michael C Corballis, The Recursive Mind: The Origins of Human Language, Thought, and Civilization (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011),
  • 2. Smith 8 Reflexively, in composing this essay, I had originally intended to give the earlier portion of that quote, and skip ahead to make a segue back into the scholarly through-足line of Bernsteins musico-足linguistic meme (via Jackendoff) as there is no need to include the middle portion describing the outlook of the book. However, it occurred to me while writing that this in itself is a perfect example of the latter Pinker/Jackendoff definition: in order to define recursion, a passage from a source is quoted in which: in order to define recursion, a passage from another source is quoted. Further, the previous sentence itself is both a description of recursion and is itself recursive. Lastly, and at the risk of absurdity, it is worth pointing out that the very act of composing this paragraph occurred to me as an exercise in recursion in which I am composing a paragraph in which I discuss the act of writing that very same paragraph. This multivalent form of recursion is a linguistic analog of the famous 2 Hands Drawing by M.C. Escher. However, in order to proceed, the advice of Mr. Corballis must be followed and the essay must now withdraw from the loop in order to proceed. Figure 2. M.C. Escher, Drawing Hands, 1948 (fair use)