4. 概念と背景
? UbiComp(Ubiquitous Computing):1991, M.
Weiser
? AmI(Ambient Intelligence):1998, Philips and
ISTAG, 2001
? IoT(Internet of Things):1999, K. Ashton
? Industire 4.0:2011, German Government
5. From UbiComp to AmI,
From IoT to Industrie 4.0
? UbiComp(1991) in U.S. → AmI(1998, 2001) in
EU
? 中核的概念:無線接続された多数の「見えない」コン
ピュータと人びとが相互作用する環境の実現。
? IoT(1999) in U.S. → Industrie 4.0(2011) in
Germany
? 中核的概念:IDを付与された資材?部品?製品をイン
ターネット経由で追跡?管理することで、コスト削減?
開発期間短縮の実現。
6. AmIとは何か
? “Ambient Intelligence (AmI) refers to a vision
of the future information society where
intelligent interfaces enable people and
devices to interact with each other and with
the environment.” (Punie, 2005)
7. AmIとは何か
? “The concept of Ambient Intelligence (AmI)
provides a vision of the Information Society
where the emphasis is on greater user-
friendliness, more efficient services support,
user-empowerment, and support for human
interactions. People are surrounded by intelligent
intuitive interfaces that are embedded in all kinds
of objects and an environment that is capable of
recognising and responding to the presence of
different individuals in a seamless, unobtrusive
and often invisible way.” (ISTAG 2001)
8. AmIとは何か
? AmI=UbiComp + Ubiquitous Communication (Ubi
Com) + Intelligent User Interface(IUI)
? UbiComp: integration of microprocessors into
everyday objects
? UbiCom: enables these objects to communicate
with each other
? IUI: allow the inhabitants of the AmI environment
to interact with the environment in a natural and
personalised way. (Riva et al. 2005)
9. From UbiComp to AmI
? “Since we started this work at PARC in 1988 a few
places have begun work on this possible next-
generation computing environment in which each
person is continually interacting with hundreds of
nearby wirelessly interconnected computers. The
goal is to achieve the most effective kind of
technology, that which is essentially invisible to
the user. To bring computers to this point while
retaining their power will require radically new
kinds of computers of all sizes and shapes to be
available to each person. I call this future world
‘Ubiquitous Computing’” (Weiser 1993)
10. From UbiComp to AmI
? UbiComp: The third generation of computing
system=”The Computer for the 21st Century”
( Weiser 1991)
? 1st generation: main frame
? 2nd generation: personal computer
? 3rd generation: ubicomp
11. From UbiComp to AmI
? Ubicomp projects in U.S. established in the
late 1990s: Things That Think consortium(H.
Isii, MIT, started in 1995), Project Oxygen(LCS
lab and AI lab, MIT, started in 2000), and many
consortia among companies.
12. From UbiComp to AmI
? In 1998, Philips developed the concept of “AmI
for the time frame 2010-2020 as a vision on the
future of ICT … where user-friendly devices
support ubiquitous information, communication,
and entertainment.” (Bibri 2015: 89)
? In 1999, Philips joined MIT oxygen project and in
2000, made a plan to construct a feasibility and
usability facility dedicated to AmI(Bibri 2015: 89).
13. From UbiComp to AmI
? In 1999, ISTAG (EU Commision’s advisory
borad on ICT policy) advanced the vision of
AmI, and publisheda vision statement for the
European community Framework Program
(FP) 5 for Research and Technological
Development (RTD) for staring the R &D on
AmI (Bibri 2015: 89)
14. From UbiComp to AmI
? “People are surrounded by intelligent intuitive
interfaces that are embedded in all kinds of
objects and an environment that is capable of
recognising and responding to the presence of
different individuals in a seamless,
unobtrusive and often invisible way.” (INSTAG
2001)
33. 参考文献
? Bibri, Simon Elias (2015) The Shaping of Ambient
Intelligence and the Internet of Things: Historico-
epistemic, Socio-cultural, Politico-institutional and Eco-
environmental Dimensions, Springer.
? Friedewald, Michael et al. (2007) “Privacy, identity and
security in ambient intelligence: a scenario analysis,”
Telematics and Informatics 24 (1), 15-29.
? Greenberg, Andy(2015), “Hackers Remotely Kill a Jeep
on the Highway?With Me in It,” Wired, July 21, 2015
http://www.wired.com/2015/07/hackers-remotely-kill-
jeep-highway/ accessed: Dec. 21, 2015.
34. 参考文献
? ISTAG(2001)Scenarios for Ambient Intelligence in
2010, ISTAG
? Punie, Yves(2005)”The Future of Ambient
Intelligence in Europe: The Need for More
Everyday Life,”, Communications and Strategies
57 (1), 141-165.
? Riva, Giuseppe et al. (2005) Ambient Intelligence:
The Evolution of Technology, Communication and
Cognition Towards the Future of Human-
Computer Interaction, IOS Publishing.
35. 参考文献
? De Vries, Katja (2010) “Identity, Profiling
Algorithms and a World of Ambient Intelligence,
“ Ethics and Information Technology 12, 71-85.
? Weiser, Mark(1993) “Some Compute Science
Issues in Ubiquitous Computing,”
Communications of ACM 36(7), 75-84.
? Weiser, Mark(1991)”The Computer for the 21st
Century,” Scientific American Special Issue on
Communications, Computers, and Networks
265(3), 78-89.
39. 参考文献
? Internet of Things 2008: International Conference
for Industry and Academia March 26-28, 2008 /
Zurich http://www.the-internet-of-
things.org/iot2008/ accessed: Dec. 21, 2015.
? Things That Think, MIT Media Lab
http://ttt.media.mit.edu/ accessed: Dec. 21, 2015.
? Project Oxygen: Pervasive and Human-Centered
Computing, MIT CS and AI Lab
http://oxygen.csail.mit.edu/ accessed: Dec. 21,
2015.