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Think Green �C Bike!
The Bicycle Sharing System in the Smart City Barcel na
Aylin Ilhan & Kaja J. Fietkiewicz
Department of Information Science, Heinrich Heine University D��sseldorf, Germany

Aylin Ilhan & Kaja J. Fietkiewicz | 25th of August 2017 | LIS 2017 in Sapporo Japan 2
Introduction

Introduction

Introduction
How does it concern to
Information Science?

Introduction
How does it concern to
Information Science?
Think about:
Information and
Communication
Technology (ICT)
Information
Need Analysis
Smart
Cities

Introduction
Bicycles and ICT? Where is the next station?
Where is the next free bike?
How long does it take to the next
station?

Introduction
Bicycles and ICT?
Mobile-Payment

Introduction
Bicycles and ICT?

Introduction
Barcelona

Introduction
Data
Data
Free
TAXI
. . .
Barcelona (Spain)
is the 2nd largest city in Spain.
is not only attractive for tourists but also for talents,
professionals and business.
conducted the Smart City Expo & World Congress the first time
in 2011.
has a lot of Smart City Projects that additionally created new
jobs (1,870).
transformed an old district into a knowledge urban space (22@
district) with an Urban Lab.
P

Introduction
Electronic
ID Card
About 100,000 users
6,000 bikes and
420 stations
1st 30 min.
are free
Annual fee about
55$ (6082,10 JPY)
Mobile
application
Viu BiCiNg

Introduction
Methods

Methods
Rapid
Ethnographical Field Research
Survey based on the
Information Service Model (ISE)
April 2016 (8 days) (June 8, 2016 till August 20, 2016)
N=167

Methods
Perceived
Smart Service Quality
Use
Impact
Diffusion
Acceptance
of Smart Service
Need
Satisfaction
Users�� Characteristics
D1 D2
D3
Ease of Use
Usefulness
Trust
Viu BiCiNg
RQ1: What are the usage characteristics as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Bicing?
RQ2: Are there correlations between the perceived smart service quality of Bicing (D1), the acceptance of this smart
service (D2) and the users�� characteristics in terms of need and satisfaction (D3)?
Logistical Proposal I
Logistical Proposal II
Technical Functionality I
Technical Functionality II
Rejection of Public Transport
Rejection of own/a Bike
User Performance
City Performance

Introduction
Methods
Results

Results
31%
69%
Bicing Bike Users
Yes No
64%
37%
Bicing Bike App Users
Yes No
N=167 N=52
Usage of Bicing Bikes (RQ1)

Results
21%
11% 8%
68%
5%
23%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
I do not need it. I use my car. I am not
satisfied with
the service.
I use other
public transport
possibilities.
I do not like
bicycles.
Other.
Reason for Rejection
N=115

Results
N=52
25%
8%
37%
17% 14%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Less often. Once a week. Several times a week. Once a day. Several times a day.
Frequency of Use

Results
N=52
94%
63%
87% 81% 77%
64%
6%
31%
6% 12%
21%
8%4% 8% 8% 8%
27%
2% 2% 2%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
The card system is
easy to use.
There are enough
stations.
Sometimes the
station is full and I
cannot return my
bike.
Sometimes the
station does not
have any bikes.
Now, I started to use
more often the bike
than other public
transport
possibilities.
I feel more green
minded.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Agree Disagree Neither Agree nor Disagree No Answer

Results
Correlations between Perceived Service Quality, Acceptance and Users�� Characteristics (RQ2)
Use Rejection of Public Transport
+.466**
The more the Viu BiCiNg is used,
the more people reject public
transport possibilites.
Spearman-Rho rank correlation
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

Results
Satisfaction Technical Functionality I
+.502**
The more the card system is
perceived as easy to use, the more
people are satisfied with the service.
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

Results
+.321*
The more the service contributes to the
sustainable development of a city, the
more users are satisfied with the service.
City PerformanceSatisfaction
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

Results
+.323*
The more convenient the logistical proposal would be,
the more satisfied would be the user.
Logistical Proposal ISatisfaction
P
* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion

Discussion
o 31% of 167 respondents use the service and 69% do not.
o 64% of 52 Viu BiCiNg users use the application, too.
o 94% of 52 respondents agree that the card system is easy to
use.
o 98% of the participants confirmed that the service contributes
to the sustainable development of Barcelona.
o The research shows that users are generally satisfied with the
service.
o The research shows that users generally agree that the service
is needed.

Discussion
Future Work
o Online survey in Spanish language.
o Comparison of several sharing systems all over the world.
o One weakness of the service is the logistical performance.
o Not only the service itself is important, but the surrounding
circumstances, too.
o ��Ease of Use��, ��Usefulness��, ��Impact�� and ��Diffusion�� affect the
satisfaction of a user.
o ��Ease of Use��, ��Usefulness�� and ��Trust�� of the service
positively support the acceptance of it.

עĿ��Ƥ��Ƥ��꤬�Ȥ�
Thank you for your attention!
Aylin.Ilhan@hhu.de Kaja.Fietkiewicz@hhu.de

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Bicycle Sharing System in the Smart City Barcelona

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