AC in Vehicle -Sinhala note (Sri lanka) -2
- 2. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK 10 jk mfoh fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK i|yd fhfok 炭oHq;a Wmdx. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK moaO;sj, fhfok 炭oHq;a Wmdx. w;=ka je辰 jYfhkau fhdod .kakd Wmdx. lsysmhla mssn|j fuu mfofhka 賊kqj;a flfr速' tu oekqu bfha属 炭ia;r flfrk ixlSr速K jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s wOHhkh i|yd fnfy炭ka m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' f誰 hgf;a uq,skau f,a tall mssn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksuq' A fuys olajd we;s wdldrhg l=vd Odrdjla b.aksIka ia炭ph .,dhd yels b.aksIka M ia 炭 ph yryd th ls%hd;aul ls俗ug + iagdgr速 fudagrh .shfyd;a fudfyd;lska b.aksIka ia炭ph WKq湛 iagdgr速 fudagrhla by; wdldrhg hkq we;' ukao fuu ls%hdlr炭h fkdyel' fudagrh 炭Yd, Odrdjla ,nd.kakd fyhsks' thg fhdod we;s 炭l,am msshu my; igyfkka olajd ;sfnhs' Q A a b B B (A) uhskr速 r:j, fhdod .;a iagdgr速 fudagrh fuys olajd we;af;a uhskr速 jeks fudagr速 r: j, fhdod .;a iagdgr速 fudagrhla jk w;r tkau lshdlr湛ug wjYH 炭Yd, % n,h ,nd.ekSug yels f,i tys we;=,; *S,a但 fldhs,a iy wdf誰prh ksr速udKh lr ;sfnhs' ta wkqj fuys lshdld;ajh i|yd % 炭Yd, Odrdjla ,ndh hq;= fjhs' + - (B) f,a tallh + f,a tall ksr速udKh k湛k r:j, 炭,s mm: i|yd 炭Yd, jYfhka fhofjk f,a ia炭 j._ o ls%hd lrkafka 炭oHq;a pq誰nl u.sks' by; (A) igyfkka idudkH f,a tallhlao (B) iy (C) igyka fol u.ska tys ksr速udKh fukau ls%hdld;ajho olajd ;sfnhs' tys 炭oHq;a pq誰nlh b;d l=vd Odrdjla (a,b) .kakd w;r th pq誰nlkh jQ 炭g byska we;s lkagEla kq m叩h myg weo .kq ,nhs' t炭g kq m叩hg i誰nkaO lkagEla i誰nkaO 湛fuka ta A,B yryd je辰 Odrdjlska hq;a mm:hla ls%hd lr炭h yels fjhs' fudagr速 r: 炭,s mm: igyklaa weiqkau th jgyd .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk M (C) - iagdgr速 fudagrh f,a tallhla fh促 iagdgr速 mm:h fuu igyfka fmr mm:hgu f,a tallhla fhdod we;s w;r tu.ska b.aksIka ia炭ph wdrCId fjhs' fuys属 b.aksIka ia炭ph yryd .,d hkafka f,a orhg wjYH iq立 Odrdj muKla jk w;r tu.ska we;s flfrk pq誰nl;ajh hgf;a i誰nkaO jk f,a lkagEla yryd fudagrhg ,nd .kakd w棚l Odrdj .,d hhs' fuu f,a tallh tkau wi,skau i炭 ls俗fuka fudagrhg ,nd.kakd w棚l Odrdj f.khk flan,a 坦gr速 mqjrejg f.k taugo wjYH fkd湛fuka mm: ksr速udKho myiq fjhs' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 4. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK f,a jr速. 3 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 N.C fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK moaO;sj, fhfok f,a tall lssysmhla fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s j, fhfok 炭炭O f,a jr速. w;=ka lsysmhla fuu igyfka olajd we;' fuu iEu f,a tallhlu we;=,; mm:h tys msg;ska olajd ;sfnhs' tu ixfla; weiqka f,a tallfha ls%hdld;ajh jgyd f.k w立;aje辰hdjka ls俗u fuys属 jeo.;a fjhs' tfukau jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s j,u flfrk h誰 h誰 k湛lrKhka i|yd fhdod.ekqugo fuu f,a jr速. fyd蔵ka wjfndaO lr is叩h hq;=fjhs' my;ska olajd we;af;a fuys属 je辰 jYfhkau fhdod .kakd f,a jr速. lsysmhls' fuu igyfkka olajd we;s f,a j._h fudagr速 r: j, nyq,j Nd炭;dfjk 3 4 w;r tys idudkH wjia:df探属 lkagEla 炭ika棚j (Normaly open) we;s ksid th 1 2 NO f,a f,i ye蔵kaf探' fuys w.% 4 la we;s w;r f,a orhg Odrdj iemhQ N.O af,a tallhla 炭g mm:hg fhdok w.% fofla lkagEla i単nkaO 湛u isfjhs' fuhg fmr olajk ,o iagdgr速 fudagr速 mm:fhao fhdod .kq ,enqf探 fujka f,a tallhls' 4 3 1 5 2 fka 卒jr速 rf,a tallhla fuu igyfkka ola j d we;a f ;a fka 卒jr速 mm:hla i|yd fhdod .kakd f,a tallhla jk w;r th fhdod.kafka tla mm:hl isg wfkla mm:hg mm: udre ls俗ughs' tk誰 fuys wxl 3 w.%h wxl 4 mm:hg ks;r i誰nkaOj we;s w;r f,a orhg Odrdj iemhQ 炭g th wxl 4 w.%hg udrefjhs' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk af,a tallhla 5 pin af,a tallhla by; j誰 igyfkka olajd we;s f,a tall jr速.h ks;ru lkagEla i誰nkaOj mj;sk w;r ^3 iy 4 f,a tallh ls%hd ls俗f誰属 mm:h 狸贈u muKla bka isfjhs' by; ol=Kq mi f,a tallhgo w.% 5la we;s w;r tu.ska mm: folla ^wxl 4 iy 5 tljr ls%hdlr炭h yel' oekg wms w.% 4 la iys; f,a jr速. foll iy w.% 5 la iys; f,a jr速. foll we;=,; ksr速udKh wjfndaO lr .;a w;r tys属 wmg meyes jqkq lreKla k誰 w.% .Kk iudk jQ mukau tajdfha we;=,; ls%hdld;ajh iudk fkdjk njhs' f誰 ksid fuu f,a tall ykd .ekqug iEu f,a tallhlu we;=,; mm:h msg;ska igyka lr ;sfnhs' bfha属 wOHhkh flfrk jdhqi坦lrK mm:j,属 f誰 mssn|j meyes flfrkq we;' NTC fikair k湛k jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s j, m%Odk ;ekla .kakd fikair速 jr速.h f,i WIaK;aj fikair oela炭h yelsh' NTC ls%hdld;ajh hgf;a ksr速udKh lr we;s fuu fika i r ms s n |jo idudkH wjfndaOhla ,nd .ksuq' f,da y hl we;s 炭oHq ; a NTC ikakdhl;djh th r;a湛u;a iu wvq湛 hk nj wms oksuq' tfy;a is,lka jeks wO_ ikakdhl f,dayhla s l+,ka fg誰mfr速pr速 fikair速 .;a炭g tys fuu ls%hdj,sh 炭reoaO w;g is fjhs' tk誰 tajd r;ajk 炭g ikakdhl;djh ;j ;j;a hqKq lrhs' WIaK;ajh uksk fikair ieliSu i|yd fuu .=Kh fhdod .efkhs' (Negative Temperature Coefficient) hkqfjka ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 5. NTC NTC NTC fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK iafgmr速 fudagr m%Odk wdldr follg ksrudKh flfrk 速 w;r f誰 iEu jr速.hlau md,kh jkafka bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhlsks' 単ka tla l%uhla idudkH ir, Odrd fudagrhlgu fmdfgkafIda坦grhla i炭lr ksr速udKh lr ;sfnk w;r fudagrh u.ska hula p,kh ls俗f誰属 ta iuu fuu fmdfgkafIda坦grho ls%hd;aulj th p,kh jqkq m%udKh fjda,ah;d ix束jla u.ska md,k tallhg oekq誰 fohs' th ksh単; m%udKhg p,kh wjika l, miq md,k tallh fudagrh kj;d ouhs' fuu iafgmr速 fudagrh wOHhkhg fmr tu fmdfgkafIda坦gr ls%hdld;ajh u.ska hul p,k msysu fidhd .kakd whqre uq,skau wjfndaO lr .ksuq' C jdhqi坦lrK moaO;sj, fhfok WIaK;aj fikair by; igyfka olajd we;af;a jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s j, fhfok WIaK;aj fikair lsysmhla jk w;r NTC frisiagr fhdod tajd ksr速udKh lr ;sfnhs' f誰jd fhfok moaO;s wOHhkfha属 ta mssn|j je辰 炭ia;r ,nd.; yels jkq we;' iafgmr速 fudagr / Stepper motor idudkHfhka ir, Odrd fyda m%;Hjr速;l Odrd fudagrhlg 炭,s iemhqu ,nd ka 炭g th fkdkj;ajdu ls%hd;aul fjhs' tfy;a we;e誰 wjia:dj, iq立 p,khla tk誰 jg ld,la fyda nd.hla tfia;a ke;ak誰 l=vd wxYl .Kklska hq;a fldaKhlska hq;=j h誰 p,khla we;s l hq;= k誰 tys属 fuu fudagr fhdod .ekSu wmyiq fjhs' tjka wjia:d i|yd iafgmr速 fudagr fhdod .kakd tu.ska jg ld,l nd.hl jeks iq立 p,k mjd ,nd.; yels fjhs' bf,lafg%dksla md,k jdhqi坦lrK moaO;s j, jdhqi坦lrK *a,ema ls%hdld;ajh i|yd f誰jd nyq,j fhdod .kakd ne炭ka wms ta mssn|jo h誰 muKlg oekqj;a 炭h hq;= fjhs' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk C 10V M A AC = 5V B 10V 1' bkaldr速 fg誰mfr速pr速 fikair速 2' bjmfr速gr速 fg誰mfr速pr速 fikair速 3' ika f,da但 fikair速 4' we誰狸hka fg誰mfr速pr速 fikair速 (b) M NTC B (a) fuu .=Kh ye蔵kafjhs' th fl叩 lr NTC hkqfjka ye蔵kafjk w;r fuu igyfka olajd we;af;a tu NTC fldgila fhdod ksr速udKh lrk ,o tkaka l+,ka fikairhls' jdhqi坦lrK moaO;sj, fuu NTC fikair WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd nyq,j fhdod .efkhs' bjmfr速gr WIaK;ajh uekSu r:h ;=, WIaK;ajh uksk bkaldr速 fikairh r:fha msg; WIAK;ajh uksk we誰狸hka fg誰mfr速pr速 fikairh iy ysre rYa単h uksk ikaf,da但 fikairh f誰 i|yd ksoiqkah'
- 7. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK A AC = 2.5V fmdfgkafIda坦gr ls%hdld;ajh fmdfgkafIda坦grhlg fyd|u WyrKh f,i fr速辰fhda lei hka;% j, we;s fjd,shq誰 fldkafg%da,h oela炭h yelsh' th 炭p,H m%;sfrdaOlhls' fuys olajd we;s igyka foflka fmdfgkafIda 坦grhla tk誰 炭p,H m%;sfrdaOlhla u.ska fudagrhl msysu fidhd .kakd wdldrh meyes lr ;sfnhs' fuys fudagrh lerlfjk 炭g fmdfgkafIda坦grho lshdlrhs' fuys属 fmdfgkafIda坦gr m%;frdaOlh % s fofljrg iEu 炭gu h誰 ksh; fjda,ah;djhla fhdod ;nk w;r by; igyfka ta i|yd imhd we;af;a fjda,a 10V ls' ta wkqj (a) wjia:df探属 AC w;r fjda,ah;djh fjda,a 5V ls' thg fya;=j m%;sfrdaOlh y ueo C lkagEla w.%h msysgd we;s ne炭ks' ta wkqj fudagrh lerlS we;af;a jg nd.hls' (b) igyfka th W;al%uKhj we;af;a tys ls%hdld俗 frka ld,la ne炭ka tys AC fjda,ah;djh fjda,a叩 2.5V ls' f誰 wkqj wmg fmkS hk lreKla k誰 fuys属 fudagrfha msysu fjda,ah;djhlska 賊la炭h yelsjdla fukau tu fjda,ah;d w.h wkqj fudagrfha msysuo mejish yels njhs' flfia kuq;a by; wdldrhg iDcqju fudagrfha p,kh 単kSu wmyiq w;r thg fya;=j fudagrh f探.fhka lerlSuhs' f誰 ksid fujeks iafgmr速 fudagr ksr速udKh lr we;af;a fudagrh iu ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 9. vlaIka .shr lg,hla i炭lr tu .shr u.ska fi単ka lrljkq ,nk welai,hg fmdfgkafIda坦grh i炭 ls俗fuks' fuu A igyfkka olajd we;af;a jdhqi坦lrK *a,ema ls%hdld;ajh i|yd iafgmr速 fudagr fhdojd we;s whqrehs' tajd fmr i|yka jQ wdldrfha fudagrhla iy m%;sfrdaOlhla i炭lr ksr速udKh lrk ,o iafgmr速 fudagr f探' f誰 w;r th ;=, vlaIka .shr frdao (A) lsysmhlao f探' B igyfkka tys we;= , ; ks r 速 u dKh mm:hla weiqka olajd we;' tys 1 iy 2 fudagr M R w.% fol jk w;r thg (B) imhk Odrdf探 w.% udre ls俗fuka fudagrh lerflk idj fjkial, yels f探' 4 iafgmr速 fudagr iy tajdfha iy 5 w.% fol m%;frdaOlhg s ksrudKh 速 ksh; fjda,h;djhla imhd a ;s樽u i|yd f探' t炭g wxl 3 w.%fhka fudagrfha msysu olajk fjda,ah;d ix束j ksl=;a f探' by; 炭ia;r lrk ,o iafgmr速 fudagr速 jr速.h fhdod .ekqf誰属 we;s tla jdishla k誰 we;e誰 moaO;s j, hul msysu ) f,i ;nd .ekqug myiq 湛uhs' md,k tallfha u;l (M f誰 ksid k湛k r:j, fhfok iS fuu 単rr速 fuu jeks moaO;sj, iSreudre ls俗誰 u;l.; lr .ekqug fuh nyq,j fhdod .efkhs' tjf.au tla Wmdx.hla p,kh lrk m%udKhgu ;j;a hula p,kh ls俗ugo fuh fnfy炭ka Wmld俗 fjhs' bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fuhg tla ksoiqkls' jdhqi坦lrK j,o whs辰,wma ls%hdld;ajfha属 fuu bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh wjfndaO lr.; hq;= fyhska fuu fmdfgkafIda坦gr ls%hdld;ajh;a tu fmdfgkafIda坦gr ls%hdld;ajh fhdod .;a iafgmr速 fudagr ls%hdld;ajh;a hk lreKq ish,a,u tljr wjfndaO lr .ekqug fuu bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a moaO;shl ksr速udKh jgyd .ksuq' iafgmr速 fudagr iafgmr速 fudagr ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 10. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fmg%,a bkafclaIka fyda ld狸hqfr速gr tkaul f探.h md,kh lrkq ,nkafka f;%dg,a jE,ajh we俗fuka fyda jeiSfuks' f誰 i|yd welai,fr速gr mev,hg f;%dg,a fodr i誰nkaO lrkq ,enqf探 flan,hla u.sks' ASR , ESP jeks ixlSr速K moaO;s ls%hdlr湛u i|yd k湛k;u fmg%,a fukau 達i,a r: j,o fuu l%uh bj;a lr ta fjkqjg bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%uh fhdod ;sfnhs' + mev,a fmdfgkafId 坦grh 1 2 welai,fr速gr mev,h 3 bf,lafg%dksla md,lh 4 f;%dg,a fmdfgkafIda 坦grh 6 5 + - 7 8 f;%dg,a jE,a探 M bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,hl ls%hdld;ajh bf,lafg%dksla .Eia mev,a l%ufha属 welai,fr速gr mev,hg i炭jkafka fmdfgkafIda坦grhls' fuu igyfka olajd we;s wdldrhg .Eia mev,h md.k 炭g thg i誰nkaO mev,a fikairh tk誰 fmdfgkafIda坦grho ls%hdlr mev,h md.d we;s m%udKh fjda,ah;d w.hlska bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhg ,ndfohs' f;%dg,a jE,ajfha tla mfilska th lerl湛ug fudagrhlaa we;s w;r wfkla miska th lerflk m%udKh fld誰mshqgrhg 賊kq誰 属ug fmdfgkafIda坦grhla fjhs' md,k tallfha ls%hdld;ajh jkqfha mev,a fikairh u.ska ,ndfok fjda,ah;d w.h f;%dg,a fmdfgkafIda坦gr fjda,ah;djhg iu jkf;la f;%dg,a jE,ajh i誰nkaO fudagrh lerl湛uhs' tk誰 tys m%;sM,h jkafka .Eia mev,h md.d we;s m%udKhg f;%dg,a jE,ajh;a 炭jD; 湛uhs' by; igyk ;=,skau fuu ls%hdld;ajh jgyd .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 12. fuys md,k tallh u.ska fmdfgkafIda坦gr foflau fofljrg fjda,a 12 la imhd we;ehs is;uq' ta wkqj mev,a fikairfha uOH w.%hg fjda,a 6 la ,e樽 ;sfnhs' ukao th y wvla .uka lr we;s fyhsks' md,k tallfha ls%hdld;ajh jkafka tys wxl 3 w.%hg ,efnk fjda,ah;djh wxl 6 w.%fha fjda,ah;djhg iu jkf;la fudagrh ls%hd lr湛uhs' tk誰 f;%dg,a fodr 炭jD; ls俗uhs' f誰 wkqj .Eia mev,h wvla md.d we;s ksid f;%dg,a jE,ajho wvla we俗 we;' 辰g,a iafgmr速 fudagr iafgmr速 fudagr jr速. folla Nd炭;d jk w;r thska fmdfgkafIda坦gr iys; jr速.h by;ska 炭ia;r jqks' fuys fojk jr速.h i|yd fmdfgkafIda坦gr fukau vlaIka .shrhlao wjYH fkdfjhs' ;jo fuu fmdfgkafIda坦gr iys; iafgmr速 fudagrhla ls%hdlr炭h yelafla h誰 fldaKhla fyda iSudiys; p,k iSudjla i|yd muKla jqj;a fuu fojk jr速.fha iafgmr速 fudagr wjYH ksh; f探.hlska tl.gu ls%hdlr炭h yelsh' tjf.au fmdfgkafIda坦gr fyda vlaIka .shr lsisjla fkdue;sj wxYlhlg jvd wvq l=vd fldaKhlg jqjo fuh lerl湛u l yelsh' fuys olajd we;af;a 辰g,a iafgmr速 fudagrhl ksr速udKhls' 卒,agfkagrhl fuka fuys we;af;a iafgrhla C iy frdagrhla mu' tfy;a N S D fuu frdagrh 炭oHq;a pq 誰 nlhla fkdj ia : S r pq誰nlhls' fuh lshd lrkafka % mshjfrka mshjrh' fuys olajd we;s ia f gmr速 fuda g rfha B frdagrh iy iafgrh fldgia y;rlg fnod we;s ne炭ka 辰g,a iafgmr速 fudagr ksrudKh 速 frdagrh tl mshjrla ;=,属 900 la tk誰 jg ld,la .uka .kshs' ta i|yd l, hq;af;a fuys we;s or folg fjk fjku l辰ka lv Odrdj iemhSu mu' tu Odrdj iemhSu lrkq ,nkafka bf,lafg%dksla md,lhla u.sks' tu md,lh u.ska imhk Odrdj fjkia ls俗f誰 iS%;djh u; fudagrfha f探.h;a le/flk m%udKh;a ;SrKh f探' my; 賊lafjkafka fuh wxYl 900 ka 900 g lerflk wdldrhhs'
- 13. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK N N (A) S S N S N (B) S A ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk S S N N (C) N N S S (D) fmr igyfkka olajk ,o iafgmr速 fudagrh wxYl 900 ka 900 g lerlfjk wdldrh fuu igyka fmfaa wjia:d 4 lska olajd ;sfnhs' jgyd .ekSf誰 myiqj ;ld fuys iafgr orh olajd fkdue;s w;r thg imhk Odrdj wkqj O%ej msysgk wdldrh muKla olajd ;sfnhs' ta wkqj A igyfka isriaj msys叩 O%ej fol i|yd muKla Odrdj imhd we;s w;r tu Odrdf探 idj wkqj byska we;s O%ejh W;=re O%ejhla f,igo (N) myska we;s O%ejh ol=Kq O%ejhla f,igo(S) msysghs' f誰 wkqj A igyfka olajd we;s whqre frdagrfha W;=re O%ejh(N) weoS hkafka my;ska we;s pq誰nl ol=Kq O%ejh(S) fj;h' tfiau frdagr pq誰nlfha ol=Kq O%ejh (S) by;ska we;s W;=re O%ejhg(N) we属 hhs' f誰 wkqj frdagrh wxYl wkQjlska N%uKh 湛 B igyk whqre frdagrh msysghs' 坦g B igyk m ;ssria orhg Odrdj iemfhk w;r tys属 tys属o 淡ej msysgk wdldrh wkqj ;j rg;a ta w;gu wxYl 900 la frdagrh lerlfjhs' f誰 wdldrhgu isria O%ej i|ydo ;j;a jrla w.% udre lr Odrdj iemhSfuka ;j;a wxYl 900 la frdagrh lerl湛 hhs' f誰 wkqj jg ldf,ka ld,g mshjfrka mshjr 卒kEu f探.hlska tl.gu fyda fuu fudagrh md,k tallhla u.ska ls%hdlr炭h yelsfjhs' 辰g,a iafgmr fudagr ls%hdld;ajh ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 15. by; wdldrhg fuu fudagrh wmg wjYH jg fyda wxYl .Kkla lerl湛u or folg imhk Odrdj fjkia ls俗fuka l yels fjhs' wjYH;djh wkqj tf,i Odrdj iemhSu bf,lafg%dksla md,lhla u.ska m,aia wdldrhg isッh hq;= nj fmr i|yka 炭h' fuys属 wm ksoiqkg .;a iafgmr速 fudagrhg we;af;a O%ej 4la ksid th N%uKh jkafka jg ldf,ka ld,gh' fuh Bg jvd wvq wxYl .Kklska hq;=j isッh hq;= k誰 fuu O%ej .Kk je辰l hq;=h' my; 賊lafjkafka tjka ksr速udKhls'
- 16. fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK th bgqlr.; yelsf探' my;ska olajd we;s igyfkka fuf,i ud, follska hq;a iafgmr速 fudagrhl ksr速udKhla olajd we;' (A) frdagrh 1' frdagrh 3' iafgr速-2 2' iafgr速-1 4 'iafgr速 jhska辰u-1 5' iafgr速 jhska辰u-2 iafgrh (B) iafgmr速 fudagrhl 淡ej .Kk je辰lr lerflk fldaKh wvq lr .ekqu fuu iafgmr速 fudagr frdagrh iy iafgrh O%ej 12 ne.ska is叩k f,i ksr速udKh l tlls' B igyk whqre th jhska辰ka 3 la iys;j ksr速udKh lr we;s fyhska tla jhska辰ulg O%ej 4 la we;=,;a fjhs' fuf,i jhska辰ka .Kk je辰湛u;a iu. tys W;al%uKh jk fldaKfha w.h wvqfjhs' t炭g fuh fhdod .kakd hka;%fha b;d iq立 p,khka mjd ,nd.; yelsfjhs' frdagrfha ) je辰fjhs' W;al%uK r wvq k誰 tys jHdr速:ho (T iEu 辰g,a iafgmr速 fudagrhlau iDcqju 炭,s Odrdjlska ls%hdlr湛u l, fkdyels w;r ta i|yd bf,lafg%dksla md,k tallhla yryd mssfj,ska orj,g Odrdj iemhSu l, hq;=f探' Odrdj imhk ixLHd;h wkqj fudagr f探.h md,kh f探' tfukau th mshjfrka mshjro ls%hdlr炭h yelsf探' je辰 jHdr速:hla iy wvq fldaKj,ska hq;a p,khka i|yd iafgmr速 fudagrhla ksmo湛f誰属 je辰 O%ej .Kkla fh属ug isjk w;r tys属 fudagrfha m%udKh 炭Yd, fjhs' t炭g th l=vdjg;a je辰 O%ej .Kkla hq;=j;a ksmojd .ekSu wmyiq fjhs' tjka wjia:dj, frdagrh iy iafgrh fmas folla f,i ksr速udKh lr .ekqfuka ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk ud, folla fh促 iafgmr速 fudagrhlska l=vd fldaK iys; p,k ,nd.; yels jk whqre by; A igyfka olajd we;af;a b;d l=vd fldaK j,ska fukau je辰 jHdr速:hlska hq;=j ls%hdlr炭h yels ud, follska hq;a iafgmr速 fudagrhls' by; B igyfkka fuu fudagrh b;d l=vd w.hkaf.ka hq;=j N%uKh ls俗ug we;s yelshdj olajd ;sfnhs' tys属 iafgrfha O%ej msysgd we;af;a tl t,af,a fkdjk nj fmkS hkq we;' f誰 ksid fuu iafgr folg udrefjka udrejg Odrdj iemhSfuka b;d iq立 p,khka ,nd.; yelsfjhs' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk
- 18. k湛k r:j, tkaka whs但, f探. md,kh i|ydo fmr fhdod .;a whs但,ska iage狸,hsiska jE,a探 fjkqjg iafgmr速 fudagr fhdod .ekqu isfjhs' fuu moaO;sh r:fha jdhqi坦lrK moaO;sh yd i誰nkaO lr ;sfnhs' ta jdhqi坦lrKh iu whs但, f探.h je辰 w.hlska fukau iage狸,hsia lr ;nd .ekqugh' f誰 i|yd fuu iafgmr速 fudagrh ksr速udKh lr we;s wdldrho fuys属 jgyd .ksuq' fudagr速 r: jdhqi坦lrK isr l=vd ls俗u isr 炭Yd, ls俗u frdagrh fmr速 jE,a探 mqIa frd但 (A) (B) whs但,ska iage狸,hsir速 jE,a探 i|yd iafgmr速 fudagr fhdod .ekqu fuys A igyfkka olajd we;af;a whs但, f探.h ksh;j ;nd .ekSug tk誰 whs但, f探.h iage狸,hsia ls俗ug fhdod .kakd iafgmr速 fudagrhla iys; jE,ajhls' idudkHfhka fuu ldhH_h i|yd fhdod .kq ,nkafka fuys ol=Kq miska olajd we;s wdldrfha iage狸,hsir速 jE,ajhls' tkaf誰 f;%dg,a jE,ajhg iudka;rj msys叩 k, udr速.hla fuu B igykg my;ska olajd we;s whqre whs但, f探.h md,kh lrhs' fuu jE,ajh u.ska md,kh jk l=vd fodrgqj whs但,ska f探.h wvqjk 炭g 炭Yd, ls俗fukao f探.h je辰jk 炭g l=vd ls俗fukao whs但, f探.h ksh;j ;nd .ekSu isf探' tfy;a k湛k;u r:j, f誰 i|yd by; A igyfka 賊lafjk wdldrfha iafgmr速 fudagrh iys; jE,ajhla fhdod .efkhs' fuys bhg fkrd we;s ;=v u.ska f;%dg,a jE,ajhg iudka;rj jQ jd; udr速.hla md,kh ls俗fuka fuu f探. iage狸,hsia 湛u isfjhs' ta i|yd fuu ;=v bhg;a miqmig;a .uka l, hq;= w;r th md,kh jkafka iafgmr速 fudagrfhks' iafgmr速 fudagrh tkaka md,k tallfhka md,kh flfr速' iafgmr速 fudagrh u.ska fuh isjk whqre 坦g wjfndaO lr .ksuq' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk (A) (B) mqIa frd但 whs但,ska iage狸,hsir i|yd fhdod.;a iafgmr速 fudagrhla u.ska jd;h md,kh lrk whqre fuys olajd we;af;a iafgmr速 fudagr iys; iage狸,hsir速 jE,ajhl ls%hdld;ajhhs' fuys属 fmr速 jE,ajh bhg iy miqmig f.khk mqIa frd但 tl 炭o tys fmdg lmd th ;=,g frdagrfha fmdg iys; welai,h .s,ajd ;sf鱈' f誰 wkqj whs但, f探.h by keka湛ug by; A igyk whqre frdagrh jdudjD;j lerlS mqIa frd但 tl miqmig weo .kS' t炭g jd; isr 炭Yd, 湛 tkaka f探.h je辰fjhs' f探.h wvq ls俗ug frdagrh oCIsKdjD;j lerlS fmr速 jE,ajh bhg f.k isr l=vd lrhs' B igyfkka th olajd ;sfnhs' tkaka md,k tallh u.ska whs但, wjia:df探属 f探.h uek th ksh;j is叩k f,i fuu fudagrh bhg fyda miqmig ls%hdlr湛fuka fuu md,kh isfjhs' by; wdldrhg whs但, f探.h iage狸,hsia lr ksh;j ;nd .ekSu hgf;a jdhqi坦lrKh ls%hdlr湛u ;=,ska tkaka f探.h fjkia湛ula is fkdfjhs' ta wkqj jdhqi坦lrKh iuo tkaka f探.h fjkia fkdf探' tfy;a jdhqi坦lrKh iu fuu whs但, f探. w.h 50 lska muK je辰 lr bkamiq th ksh;j ;nd .ekqu idudkHfhka iEu r:hlu isfjhs' thg m%Odk lreKq 3 la muK fya;= 湛 we;' whs但, f探.fha属 jdhqi坦lrK isis,i wvq湛u jeela湛u i|yd fld誰m%irh ls%hdlrk f探.h je辰 ls俗u negh neihdu jeela湛ug 卒,agfkagr f探.h je辰 ls俗u iy tkaka whs但, f探.h r立湛u jeela湛ug f探.h uola je辰 ls俗u tu lreKq ;=k f,i 賊la炭h yelsh' fuu mfoh ;=,ska 炭ia;r lrk ,o 炭,s Wmdx. ls%hdld;ajh weiqka jdhqi坦lrK 炭,s mm: ie,iq誰 lrk wdldrh b mfoh ;=,ska 炭ia;r flfrkq we;' ouq;= ;dCIl m%ldYk