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Biodiesel Production

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Muhammad Salihu

This document summarizes a research project on generating biodiesel from Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil. The objectives were to produce biodiesel (methyl ester) from the oil and characterize its fuel properties according to international standards. Through a single-step base catalyzed trans-esterification process, the oil was successfully converted to biodiesel with a 94% yield. Testing showed the biodiesel met the standards for flash point, kinematic viscosity, cloud point and pour point. The conclusion is that B. aegyptiaca oil is a promising feedstock for local biodiesel production in West Africa and Nigeria as a renewable substitute for fossil fuels.

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GENERATION OF BIODIESEL FROM DESERT DATE (Balanites aegyptiaca) SEED OIL: BY MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD SALIHU IC/09/1276 SUPERVISED BY: DR. A. J. MANJI JULY 2015
The aim of this research is to search for cheap and available raw material for the generation of biodiesel that could substitute the present petroleum-based fuels. The objectives of the research is to: To produce biodiesel (methyl ester) from B. aegyptiaca oil. To characterize the fuel properties of the methyl ester and compare it with international standard.
MATERIALS Methanol, KOH (catalyst), weighing balance, 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and stoppers, 50 and100 ml graduated cylinders, thermometer, hot plate with magnetic stirrer, beakers, separating funnel, retort stand and clamp. METHODS The method of trans-esterification as described in science 30 project was adopted. Characterization of the biodiesel produced; Determination of percentage yield. Determination of flash point. Determination of pour point. Determination of cloud point. Determination of kinematic viscousity.
TEST PROPERTY UNIT TEST METHOD ASTM D6751 (LIMITS) BALANITES OIL METHYL ESTER (BIODIESEL) %YIELD % 94 FLASH POINT 0C D93 130 Minimum 163 KINEMATIC VISCOUSITY @400C mm2/s D445 1.9-6.0 5.41 CLOUD POINT 0C D2500 REPORT 12 POUR POINT 0C D97 -15 to 10 -13
Finding a suitable source of renewable energy is a global task. After examining possible methods for converting balanites aegyptiaca oil into its methyl ester (biodiesel), several important conclusions have been made. First and foremost the oil can be converted to biodiesel using single step, base catalyze trans- esterification method with high yield. The methyl esters obtained in this way can be used as a fuel in diesel engines without any modification of the engine, because of satisfying properties that could be compared with ASTM D6751 standard for (B100) biodiesel. The use of this oil feedstock shows promise for local farmers, business proponents and automobile industries in West Africa at large and Nigeria in particular. This work has provided some insight and guidance that can lead into large scale research and development for this energy source for the future.
Balanites aegyptiaca oil and its methyl ester having good and desirable properties, I therefore recommend that; It is a good source and renewable energy for biodiesel production. I recommend also that Government, non- governmental organizations and research organizations should intensify research on its full potential for biodiesel production in other to substitute the non-renewable fossil fuels.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels, Designation D6751-07(2007) National Biodiesel Board (2006) www.biodiesel.org Studies on the potentials of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil as raw material for the production of liquid cleansing agents Manji A. J.*, Sarah E. E. and Modibbo U. U. Science 30 Project BiodieselA Fuel for the Future? Student Booklet 20082009
Biodiesel Production

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Biodiesel Production

  • 1. GENERATION OF BIODIESEL FROM DESERT DATE (Balanites aegyptiaca) SEED OIL: BY MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD SALIHU IC/09/1276 SUPERVISED BY: DR. A. J. MANJI JULY 2015
  • 2. The aim of this research is to search for cheap and available raw material for the generation of biodiesel that could substitute the present petroleum-based fuels. The objectives of the research is to: To produce biodiesel (methyl ester) from B. aegyptiaca oil. To characterize the fuel properties of the methyl ester and compare it with international standard.
  • 3. MATERIALS Methanol, KOH (catalyst), weighing balance, 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and stoppers, 50 and100 ml graduated cylinders, thermometer, hot plate with magnetic stirrer, beakers, separating funnel, retort stand and clamp. METHODS The method of trans-esterification as described in science 30 project was adopted. Characterization of the biodiesel produced; Determination of percentage yield. Determination of flash point. Determination of pour point. Determination of cloud point. Determination of kinematic viscousity.
  • 4. TEST PROPERTY UNIT TEST METHOD ASTM D6751 (LIMITS) BALANITES OIL METHYL ESTER (BIODIESEL) %YIELD % 94 FLASH POINT 0C D93 130 Minimum 163 KINEMATIC VISCOUSITY @400C mm2/s D445 1.9-6.0 5.41 CLOUD POINT 0C D2500 REPORT 12 POUR POINT 0C D97 -15 to 10 -13
  • 5. Finding a suitable source of renewable energy is a global task. After examining possible methods for converting balanites aegyptiaca oil into its methyl ester (biodiesel), several important conclusions have been made. First and foremost the oil can be converted to biodiesel using single step, base catalyze trans- esterification method with high yield. The methyl esters obtained in this way can be used as a fuel in diesel engines without any modification of the engine, because of satisfying properties that could be compared with ASTM D6751 standard for (B100) biodiesel. The use of this oil feedstock shows promise for local farmers, business proponents and automobile industries in West Africa at large and Nigeria in particular. This work has provided some insight and guidance that can lead into large scale research and development for this energy source for the future.
  • 6. Balanites aegyptiaca oil and its methyl ester having good and desirable properties, I therefore recommend that; It is a good source and renewable energy for biodiesel production. I recommend also that Government, non- governmental organizations and research organizations should intensify research on its full potential for biodiesel production in other to substitute the non-renewable fossil fuels.
  • 7. American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels, Designation D6751-07(2007) National Biodiesel Board (2006) www.biodiesel.org Studies on the potentials of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil as raw material for the production of liquid cleansing agents Manji A. J.*, Sarah E. E. and Modibbo U. U. Science 30 Project BiodieselA Fuel for the Future? Student Booklet 20082009