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Biology diseases

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This document discusses different types of diseases including infectious, deficiency, genetic, and physiological diseases. It provides definitions and examples of each category. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists. Deficiency diseases result from a lack of nutrients in the diet. Genetic diseases are passed down from parents to children through genes. Physiological diseases occur when parts of the body malfunction. The document also discusses how diseases can be treated and prevented.

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DISEASES
DEFINITIONS Health: This is a state in which the mind and body is functioning properly Disease: This is any condition that prevents the body from being healthy There are 4 categories of diseases: Infectious Deficiency Genetic Physiological
CONCEPT ATTAINMENT Use the Jamboard link to categorize some diseases https://jamboard.google.com/d/138xeLwo0u1fNSPD- cQEhU30xsdn_I2E8OlV075a0mcs/edit?usp=sharing Can you state how people get these diseases? What are some common symptoms these diseases share?
INFECTIOUS DISEASES These are caused when a pathogen (microorganism) enters the body and causes harm Types of pathogens include: Viruses (HIV, Coronavirus) Bacteria (Tetanus, Cholera) Fungi (Ringworm, Athletes foot) Protists (Malaria, Dysentery)
HOW THE BODY PROTECTS ITSELF
WHY DO WE GET A FEVER?
HOW TO TREAT INFECTIOUS DISEASES? Pathogen Examples Treatment Examples Bacteria Cholera, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Syphillis, Pneumonia Antibiotics Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Tetracyclines Virus HIV, Hepatitis, Dengue, Polio, Influenza Antiviral drugs Oseltamivir, marboxil, ART(Anti-retroviral Therapy) Fungi Athletes foot, ringworm, Yeast infection, Dandruff Antifungal medication Clotrimazole, terbinafine, amphotericin
Biology diseases
DEFICIENCY DISEASES Caused by a lack of certain food groups in the diet Typically cured by consuming the deficient nutrient, however they can cause permanent damage if not treated These diseases are more common in developing countries where access to a balanced diet is not easy to acquire
DEFICIENCY DISEASES Disease Symptoms Deficient Nutrient Food that contain nutrient Marasmus Weight loss, tiredness Carbohydrates Flour, Provisions, rice Kwashiorkor Swollen stomach, stunted growth Proteins Legumes, meat, eggs, dairy Scurvy Bleeding gums, joint pains Vitamin C Fruits (especially citrus) Rickets Brittle bones, stunted growth Vitamin D, Calcium Dairy, Green leafy vegetables Anaemia Tiredness, pale skin Iron Red meat, green leafy vegetables
QUESTION 1. Developing countries have issues with deficiency diseases. Suggest why and recommend how they can tackle this. 2.Doctors sometimes recommend antibiotics to patients who had the flu for a long period of time. Explain why. What are some concerns about this practice?
HEREDITARY (GENETIC) DISEASES These are diseases that are passed on from parent to child through their genes These diseases can be caused by recessive genes or mutations These diseases will cause some part(s) of the body to malfunction
HEREDITARY (GENETIC) DISEASES Disease Symptoms Level Cystic Fibrosis Constant mucus build up in lungs, Tiredness Single gene Sickle cell Anaemia Tiredness, pale skin Single gene Haemophilia Problems with blood clotting Single gene Diabetes (type 1) Cannot control blood glucose levels Multifactorial Obesity Excess body fat Multifactorial Down Syndrome Learning disability, dysmorphia Chromosomal Turner syndrome Issues with sexual development Chromosomal
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASES These are caused when a part of the body malfunctions There are several possible causes of physiological diseases Cancerous Cells division occurs too fast and tumors develop, eg, cancer Degenerative Tissues and organs do not work as well as we get older, eg, Arthritis, Arrythmia, cataracts Metabolic Organs stop working due to defect, eg, diabetes, Psychological Imbalances of chemicals in the brain, eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES The causes and spread of infectious diseases can be controlled by focusing on the interactions between the host (humans), the pathogen and the environment Many of the diseases themselves can be treated with medicines and it is possible to be vaccinated or immunized against some diseases Disease causing pathogens can be destroyed by using substances that kill them. These substances include antibiotics, disinfectants and antiseptics and sterilization techniques, such as heating or boiling
TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Measures that affect the environment: improved standards of living, hygiene and the treatment of sewage eradication of insects, such as mosquitoes and houseflies provision of safe, clean drinking water food inspections, such as the inspection of meat at abattoirs better preparation and storage of food (pasteurisation and cold storage) laws which require notification of certain diseases, such as rabies and leprosy; this allows for quick treatment and quarantine (isolation of infected individuals) improved public health programmes, including vaccination programmes and education programmes.
TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES Diet: The amount of sugar and fat you eat affects your risk of developing physiological diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension and diabetes. If people eat too much sugar and fat, they tend to gain weight. Overweight people have a higher risk of these diseases Too much of the wrong sort of fatty food increases the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Eating food containing a lot of saturated fat seems to raise the levels of cholesterol in the blood Too much salt in the diet can raise blood pressure.
TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES Exercise:
MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE
MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE Eggs: Adult, female mosquitoes lay their eggs on the inner, wet walls of containers with water, above the waterline. Mosquitoes generally lay 100 eggs at a time. Larva: Larvae emerge from mosquito eggs, but only after the water level rises to cover the eggs. Larvae feed on microorganisms in the water. Pupa: Pupae will develop until the body of the newly formed adult flying mosquito emerges from the pupal skin and leaves the water. Adult: After adult mosquitoes emerge, male mosquitoes feed on nectar from flowers and female mosquitoes feed on humans and animals for blood to produce eggs
MOSQUITOS AS A VECTOR A vector refers to something that can transmit a disease from one person to another without being affected by the disease Mosquitoes cause more human suffering than any other organism -- over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. Mosquitos are usually found in hot regions around the world (South America, Caribbean, Africa)
MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASES Disease Vector Symptoms Statistics (annual) Malaria Anopheles Muscle aches, anaemia 300-500 million Chikungunya (Chik. V) Aedes aegypti Fever, joint pain 30 40 000 Dengue Aedes aegypti Vomiting, Bleeding from orifices 350-400 million Yellow Fever Aedes aegypti Headaches, muscle pain 200 000 West Nile Virus Culex Muscle stiffness, convulsions 1.5 Million
MOSQUITO CONTROL
Biology diseases

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Biology diseases

  • 2. DEFINITIONS Health: This is a state in which the mind and body is functioning properly Disease: This is any condition that prevents the body from being healthy There are 4 categories of diseases: Infectious Deficiency Genetic Physiological
  • 3. CONCEPT ATTAINMENT Use the Jamboard link to categorize some diseases https://jamboard.google.com/d/138xeLwo0u1fNSPD- cQEhU30xsdn_I2E8OlV075a0mcs/edit?usp=sharing Can you state how people get these diseases? What are some common symptoms these diseases share?
  • 4. INFECTIOUS DISEASES These are caused when a pathogen (microorganism) enters the body and causes harm Types of pathogens include: Viruses (HIV, Coronavirus) Bacteria (Tetanus, Cholera) Fungi (Ringworm, Athletes foot) Protists (Malaria, Dysentery)
  • 6. WHY DO WE GET A FEVER?
  • 7. HOW TO TREAT INFECTIOUS DISEASES? Pathogen Examples Treatment Examples Bacteria Cholera, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Syphillis, Pneumonia Antibiotics Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Tetracyclines Virus HIV, Hepatitis, Dengue, Polio, Influenza Antiviral drugs Oseltamivir, marboxil, ART(Anti-retroviral Therapy) Fungi Athletes foot, ringworm, Yeast infection, Dandruff Antifungal medication Clotrimazole, terbinafine, amphotericin
  • 9. DEFICIENCY DISEASES Caused by a lack of certain food groups in the diet Typically cured by consuming the deficient nutrient, however they can cause permanent damage if not treated These diseases are more common in developing countries where access to a balanced diet is not easy to acquire
  • 10. DEFICIENCY DISEASES Disease Symptoms Deficient Nutrient Food that contain nutrient Marasmus Weight loss, tiredness Carbohydrates Flour, Provisions, rice Kwashiorkor Swollen stomach, stunted growth Proteins Legumes, meat, eggs, dairy Scurvy Bleeding gums, joint pains Vitamin C Fruits (especially citrus) Rickets Brittle bones, stunted growth Vitamin D, Calcium Dairy, Green leafy vegetables Anaemia Tiredness, pale skin Iron Red meat, green leafy vegetables
  • 11. QUESTION 1. Developing countries have issues with deficiency diseases. Suggest why and recommend how they can tackle this. 2.Doctors sometimes recommend antibiotics to patients who had the flu for a long period of time. Explain why. What are some concerns about this practice?
  • 12. HEREDITARY (GENETIC) DISEASES These are diseases that are passed on from parent to child through their genes These diseases can be caused by recessive genes or mutations These diseases will cause some part(s) of the body to malfunction
  • 13. HEREDITARY (GENETIC) DISEASES Disease Symptoms Level Cystic Fibrosis Constant mucus build up in lungs, Tiredness Single gene Sickle cell Anaemia Tiredness, pale skin Single gene Haemophilia Problems with blood clotting Single gene Diabetes (type 1) Cannot control blood glucose levels Multifactorial Obesity Excess body fat Multifactorial Down Syndrome Learning disability, dysmorphia Chromosomal Turner syndrome Issues with sexual development Chromosomal
  • 14. PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASES These are caused when a part of the body malfunctions There are several possible causes of physiological diseases Cancerous Cells division occurs too fast and tumors develop, eg, cancer Degenerative Tissues and organs do not work as well as we get older, eg, Arthritis, Arrythmia, cataracts Metabolic Organs stop working due to defect, eg, diabetes, Psychological Imbalances of chemicals in the brain, eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
  • 15. TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES The causes and spread of infectious diseases can be controlled by focusing on the interactions between the host (humans), the pathogen and the environment Many of the diseases themselves can be treated with medicines and it is possible to be vaccinated or immunized against some diseases Disease causing pathogens can be destroyed by using substances that kill them. These substances include antibiotics, disinfectants and antiseptics and sterilization techniques, such as heating or boiling
  • 16. TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Measures that affect the environment: improved standards of living, hygiene and the treatment of sewage eradication of insects, such as mosquitoes and houseflies provision of safe, clean drinking water food inspections, such as the inspection of meat at abattoirs better preparation and storage of food (pasteurisation and cold storage) laws which require notification of certain diseases, such as rabies and leprosy; this allows for quick treatment and quarantine (isolation of infected individuals) improved public health programmes, including vaccination programmes and education programmes.
  • 17. TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES Diet: The amount of sugar and fat you eat affects your risk of developing physiological diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension and diabetes. If people eat too much sugar and fat, they tend to gain weight. Overweight people have a higher risk of these diseases Too much of the wrong sort of fatty food increases the levels of cholesterol in the blood. Eating food containing a lot of saturated fat seems to raise the levels of cholesterol in the blood Too much salt in the diet can raise blood pressure.
  • 18. TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES Exercise:
  • 20. MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE Eggs: Adult, female mosquitoes lay their eggs on the inner, wet walls of containers with water, above the waterline. Mosquitoes generally lay 100 eggs at a time. Larva: Larvae emerge from mosquito eggs, but only after the water level rises to cover the eggs. Larvae feed on microorganisms in the water. Pupa: Pupae will develop until the body of the newly formed adult flying mosquito emerges from the pupal skin and leaves the water. Adult: After adult mosquitoes emerge, male mosquitoes feed on nectar from flowers and female mosquitoes feed on humans and animals for blood to produce eggs
  • 21. MOSQUITOS AS A VECTOR A vector refers to something that can transmit a disease from one person to another without being affected by the disease Mosquitoes cause more human suffering than any other organism -- over one million people worldwide die from mosquito-borne diseases every year. Mosquitos are usually found in hot regions around the world (South America, Caribbean, Africa)
  • 22. MOSQUITO BORNE DISEASES Disease Vector Symptoms Statistics (annual) Malaria Anopheles Muscle aches, anaemia 300-500 million Chikungunya (Chik. V) Aedes aegypti Fever, joint pain 30 40 000 Dengue Aedes aegypti Vomiting, Bleeding from orifices 350-400 million Yellow Fever Aedes aegypti Headaches, muscle pain 200 000 West Nile Virus Culex Muscle stiffness, convulsions 1.5 Million