Blood bank 5

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The direct antiglobulin test is useful for diagnosing hemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and investigating transfusion reactions. It can also diagnose red cell sensitization caused by certain drugs like penicillin, cephalothin, and alpha-methyldopa.

Q13)The direct antiglobulin test is
: useful in
��
Diagnosis of hemolytic disease (1
of
.the newborn
Diagnosis of autoimmune (2
.hemolytic anemia
Investigation of transfusion (3
reaction
Diagnosis of Red cell (4
sensitization caused by drugs
(penicillin,cephalothin and alpha(methyldopa

1) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is caused by previous infection with Group A streptococcus and is characterized by acute onset of hematuria, edema, and hypertension. 2) Histologically, APSGN typically shows diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with neutrophil infiltration, C3 deposition along the glomerular capillaries, and subepithelial humps on electron microscopy. 3) The differential diagnosis of APSGN includes other causes of postinfectious glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and IgA nephropathy. Distinguishing features include clinical presentation and serological

�³󾱱��Katsushige Takagishi

- Whipple's disease is a rare infection caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. It was first reported in 1907 but the bacterium was not identified until 1991 and not cultured until 2000. - Classic symptoms include weight loss, diarrhea, arthralgia or arthritis. Neurological involvement occurs in 10-40% of cases and can include cognitive changes, supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, and altered consciousness. - T. whipplei can also cause heart infections in 17-55% of cases, with infiltration of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium. Endocarditis from T. whipplei is a potential cause of sudden

��򉈶�Katsushige Takagishi

This document summarizes causes of eosinophilia, including: 1) It classifies causes of eosinophilia as primary (clonal, idiopathic) or secondary. Secondary causes include infections, tissue invasion by parasites, drugs, allergies, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. 2) Common primary causes include hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), and myeloproliferative neoplasms associated with eosinophilia such as those involving FIP1L1-PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, and KIT mutations. 3) Secondary causes discussed include parasitic infections, fungal infections, HIV, drugs

Clinical diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia by real time polymerase chain ...Teboho Mooko

This document discusses the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through techniques like real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). It reports the analysis of blood samples from four patients, with findings indicating that patients A and C have low levels of the BCR-ABL gene, suggesting a positive response to treatment, while patients B and D show different results indicating negative presence and high concentration of BCR-ABL gene, respectively. The document emphasizes the importance of these diagnostic methods in evaluating treatment responses and disease monitoring.

Fulminant type 1 dmKatsushige Takagishi

1) Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a subtype of type 1 diabetes that accounts for around 20% of acute-onset type 1 diabetes cases in Japan. It is characterized by a very rapid onset typically within 1 week and associated with diabetic ketoacidosis. 2) Genetic factors like certain HLA genotypes are associated with increased risk of developing fulminant type 1 diabetes. Viral infections also seem to trigger onset in many cases. 3) Affected individuals tend to be adults with a mean age of around 40 years. Fulminant type 1 diabetes results in almost complete loss of insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell mass within a short period.

Apoptosis of lymphocytes in SLEAboMuaz

This study examined apoptosis of lymphocytes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes from SLE patients was significantly higher than healthy donors after 36 hours of incubation, indicating SLE patients have more lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis. A positive correlation was also found between lymphocyte apoptosis in SLE and disease activity markers like anti-dsDNA antibodies and prednisolone dosage. The percentage of CD4+ T cells was significantly lower in SLE patients compared to healthy donors.

��Զ�Ѫ֢ ��B��ѪС�剈��֢Katsushige Takagishi

Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are types of myeloproliferative neoplasms characterized by increased red blood cells in PV and increased platelets in ET. Both can involve increased white blood cells and risk of thrombosis, spleen enlargement, itching, and progression to acute myeloid leukemia or myelofibrosis. PV and ET involve an acquired abnormal clone with mutations in genes like JAK2 and MPL. The document discusses diagnostic criteria and distinguishing PV and ET from secondary causes of increased red blood cells or platelets. Bone marrow testing is often not required if criteria are met.

Cacoub p hcv meh 2014 odeckmyn

This document summarizes extrahepatic manifestations that are commonly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Some key points: - Vasculitis, arthralgia/myalgia, sicca syndrome, and autoantibodies are seen in 5-40%, 25-35%, 10-25%, and 10-40% of HCV patients, respectively. - HCV can infect both hepatocytes, causing hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma, as well as lymphocytes, leading to cryoglobulinemia, autoantibodies, and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. - Mixed cryoglobulinemia is strongly associated with

Thornton NAATDSHS

NAAT testing can detect HIV within 9-11 days of exposure during the acute infection period, when transmission risk is highest. During acute infection, the virus is rapidly making copies of itself. NAAT detects HIV RNA, while standard tests detect antibodies and cannot detect HIV until 2-12 weeks after exposure. For positive NAAT results, a senior worker contacts the client within 72 hours to expedite follow-up care and medical appointment.

Platelet function tests.pptx 2.pptx finalAnupam Singh

This document summarizes platelet function testing. It discusses how platelets are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. The major platelet function tests are platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and point-of-care tests like the impact cone and plate analyzer and thromboelastography. These tests are used to diagnose platelet disorders and monitor antiplatelet therapy. The document also briefly discusses platelet-derived microparticles and microRNAs, which can provide information about platelet activation and signaling.

Natlyndyv

Network Address Translation (NAT) allows private IP addresses on an inside network to be translated to public IP addresses when communicating with outside networks. Private IP addresses defined in RFC 1918 are illegal on the public internet. NAT is commonly used by home and small office routers to allow multiple private devices to share a single public IP address. Common NAT types include dynamic NAT, port address translation (PAT), and static NAT for servers. NAT extends the lifetime of IPv4 addresses but can cause issues for some applications.

western blot analysis for proteinpremvarma064

The document discusses various blotting techniques used to detect proteins, DNA, and RNA. It focuses on Western blotting, which involves separating proteins by gel electrophoresis and transferring them to a membrane for detection. Key aspects covered include setting up SDS-PAGE gels of varying acrylamide concentrations to separate proteins by size, preparing and loading protein samples, running the gel electrophoresis, and transferring separated proteins from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane for subsequent antibody-based detection and analysis.

Blood and plasma volume expandersVivek Paudel

The document discusses blood as a fluid connective tissue and details plasma volume expanders, which are agents used to increase plasma volume following hemorrhage or shock. It categorizes expanders into crystalloids and colloids, describing their mechanisms, examples, and ideal properties, as well as outlining the uses and contraindications of plasma expanders. Specific types such as human albumin, dextran, and hydroxyethyl starch are examined regarding their applications, advantages, and potential adverse effects.

Immunohematology basicsSR MEDICAL COLLEGE VARKALA TRIVANDRUM

ELISA & RIAvishwanth555

The document provides an overview of the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. It discusses the principle, basic procedure, materials needed, types (indirect, sandwich, competitive), advantages, disadvantages, and applications of ELISA. ELISA is a sensitive and specific quantitative immunological technique used to detect antigens, antibodies, or other proteins in biological samples. It has various applications in detecting hormones, proteins, infectious agents, and for vaccine quality control among others.

NAAT IN BLOOD BANKINGNarmada Tiwari

Nucleic acid testing (NAT) involves extracting nucleic acids from blood samples, amplifying any virus or bacteria present, and detecting them. NAT can detect infections during the window period before antibodies form, reducing transfusion-transmitted infection risk. NAT methods approved for donor screening include transcription mediated amplification to detect HIV and HCV RNA. While improving safety, NAT is costly and may still miss some infections. It is used alongside but does not replace serological screening.

ELISA Test: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assaywadi_oo

The document discusses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a technique used to detect substances like proteins. ELISA uses an enzyme to detect the binding of antibodies to antigens, producing a color change that indicates the presence of the antibody-antigen complex. There are direct and indirect ELISA methods, as well as variations like immobilized antigen ELISA for antibody detection and sandwich ELISA for antigen detection. ELISA has applications in medical diagnostics to detect antibodies in patients and test for substances like allergens in food.

Anemia And Its ClassificationProf Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar

The document discusses different types and causes of anemia. It classifies anemia into etiologic categories including impaired red blood cell production, excessive destruction of RBCs, and blood loss. It further describes morphologic classifications such as macrocytic, microcytic hypochromic, and normocytic normochromic anemia. Specific causes are provided for each category including deficiencies, diseases, and genetic disorders. Hemolytic anemia is discussed in more detail including hereditary and acquired causes. Laboratory findings associated with different types of anemia are also summarized.

Principles and Applications of ELISASubramani Parasuraman

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a biochemical technique used to detect the presence of antibodies and antigens in a liquid sample. It relies on an enzyme-linked antibody or antigen to detect the target protein. There are different types of ELISA including direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive. The ELISA process involves coating a plate with an antigen or antibody, adding a sample and enzyme-linked antibody, washing unbound material, and detecting the enzyme's product to quantify the target. ELISAs are widely used in medical testing, food safety, and disease detection.

Western Blot136659145

The document provides a detailed overview of the Western blot technique. It describes the key steps as: 1) Tissue preparation and protein extraction from samples. 2) Separation of proteins by gel electrophoresis based on molecular weight. 3) Transfer of proteins from the gel to a membrane for detection. 4) Blocking of the membrane to prevent non-specific antibody binding. 5) Detection of target proteins using primary and secondary antibodies, and various detection methods.

Reticulocyte countShabab Ali

This document discusses reticulocytes, which are immature red blood cells that spend 1-3 days maturing in the bone marrow before circulating in the bloodstream. Key points include: - Reticulocytes have residual RNA that allows them to be stained and counted to assess bone marrow activity. - An elevated reticulocyte count indicates the bone marrow is responding to anemic stress by increasing red blood cell production. - The reticulocyte count is used to evaluate bone marrow function and health in conditions like anemia, blood loss, or following chemotherapy/radiation.

Nat Testingkabitachatterjee

1. The document discusses the use of nucleic acid testing (NAT) to screen blood donations for HIV, HCV, and HBV. NAT helps reduce the window period by directly detecting viral nucleic acids, providing an additional layer of safety beyond serological testing alone. 2. Data from testing over 40,000 blood donations in India showed a NAT yield rate of 1 in 598 donations, detecting 68 donations that were infectious by NAT but non-reactive by serology. 3. Studies comparing different NAT assays found that the Ultrio Plus assay had greater sensitivity than older assays, detecting more true positive donations during the window period.

Blotting techniques includes southren,northern,western and dot blottingbbmy

This document describes various blotting techniques used to detect specific DNA or RNA sequences, including Southern blotting, Northern blotting, Western blotting, and dot blotting. Southern blotting involves transferring DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis to a membrane and probing for specific sequences. Northern blotting is similar but uses RNA. Western blotting detects specific proteins. Dot blotting detects sequences in non-fractionated samples by directly applying samples to a membrane. These techniques allow for detection and analysis of genetic material.

Elisa pptAnita Singh

The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a popular biochemistry assay that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance. It involves using an enzyme-linked antibody to detect antigen-antibody binding, where the enzyme converts a colorless substrate into a colored product. There are several types of ELISA including indirect, direct, sandwich, and competitive ELISA. ELISA has various applications such as screening blood donations, measuring hormone levels, and detecting infections and allergens.

Elisa pptSaba Ahmed

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of an analyte like antibodies or antigens in solution. It works by using the principle of antigen-antibody binding and an enzyme-linked secondary antibody or antigen to detect the presence of an analyte. There are several types of ELISA including direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive based on the procedure and detection method used. ELISA is a sensitive and specific technique with advantages like using inexpensive and stable reagents, but it also has limitations like possible false positives and negatives.

Elisaamitgajjar85

The document provides an introduction to ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which is a biochemical technique used mainly in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or antigen in a sample. It describes the basic principles and steps of the ELISA process, which involves detecting antibodies or antigens using an enzyme-labeled secondary antibody and color changing reaction. Key aspects covered include antigen-antibody binding, use of enzyme labels, substrate conversion, and quantitative/qualitative applications of ELISA for detecting various molecules.

Blood bank 5

1. Q13)The direct antiglobulin test is : useful in �� Diagnosis of hemolytic disease (1 of .the newborn Diagnosis of autoimmune (2 .hemolytic anemia Investigation of transfusion (3 reaction Diagnosis of Red cell (4 sensitization caused by drugs (penicillin,cephalothin and alpha(methyldopa

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Blood bank 5

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Blood bank 5