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Blood
 Blood is a body fluid that circulates in the
body and transport essential material to the
cells of body. This fluid is also called
connective tissue as it contains cellular and
extra cellular material.

Blood
 Cellular Material:
 The cellular material of blood are RBCs, WBCs and
platelets (fragments of cells).
 Extracellular Material:
 The plasma is extracellular material of blood. This makes
the blood a unique connective tissue as it is fluid.

Blood physiology and composition/ hematology part 3.pptx

Blood
 The cellular elements of blood remain
suspended in the extracellular part of blood
(plasma) which is almost 90-92% water.

Blood Components
 When the anticoagulated blood is brought to
spin in centrifuge machine on high speed. The
components of blood get separated on the basis
of their densities. The cellular elements sink to
bottom and plasma remains on the top.

Blood Components
 Following are the blood components:
Buffy
Coat
Cellular
Elements
Blood
Plasma

Plasma
 Plasma is the fluid part of blood that contains
92% water 7% proteins and 1% mineral salts
and other material. It Functions to carry RBCs,
WBCs, Platelets and other substances to the
whole body.

Plasma
 More then half of the body’s blood volume is plasma.
It accounts for almost 55% of total blood volume.

Composition of Plasma
 Plasma is a yellowish liquid part of blood
which constitute almost 55% of total blood and
contains water, proteins, enzymes, salts and
other nutrients.

Protein Components of Plasma
 Following major proteins are found in blood
plasma:
 Albumin
 Globulin
 Fibrinogen

Serum
 Serum contains only Albumin and globulin.
 The fibrinogen is absent in serum as it gets
converted into fibrin while clotting blood.

Plasma
 Albumin:
 Most abundant plasma protein
 Accounts for 54% total plasma proteins
 Manufactured in liver
 Serve as Binding protein


Plasma
 Albumin
 Transport Function
 Osmoregulatory functions
 Normal level: 3.5-5.0 g/dl

Plasma
 Globulin:
 Second most common plasma protein
It is 38% of total plasma proteins
 They makes antibodies for immune system

Plasma
 Globulin
Transport Functions
 Osmotic Pressure regulation
 Normal level: 1.0-1.5 g/dL

Plasma
 Fibrinogen:
 3rd most common plasma protein produced
by liver
 Accounts for 7% of total plasma proteins

Plasma
 Fibrinogen:
Helps in hemostasis
 Converted to fibrin to form clot
 Normal value: 02-0.45 g/dL

Buffy Coat
 After the centrifugation of anti-coagulated
blood, a white layer between Red blood cells
and plasma is formed which contain most of
the WBCs and Platelets. This layer is termed as
Buffy coat.

Buffy Coat
 Buffy coat is used to extract DNA for genetics
studies as the RBCs of human are anucleated.
So the DNA is extracted from the WBCs
present in the buffy coat.
 Also used for the detection of blood parasites

Cellular Elements
 Also called formed elements
 There are three types of formed elements in
blood
RBCs WBCs Platelets

Cellular Elements
(RBCs)
 Red Blood Cells:
 Also Called Erythrocytes
 Anucleated cells
 Most numerous blood cells
 4.0 to 6.0 million cells per microliter (cells/mcL)

Cellular Elements
(RBCs)
 RBCs:
 Biconcave disk like shape
 Normal size is about 7-8 µm
 Contain Hemoglobin Molecule
 Transport gases between lungs and cells

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 White Blood Cells:
 Lesser in number then RBCs
 Normal number is 4,500 to 11,000 WBCs per
microliter
 Larger Size then RBCs

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 Act as immune cells
 Two types of WBCc
Granulocytes
Agranulocyt
es

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 Granulocyes:
 They are type of white blood cells which
contain granules in their cytoplasm.
 There are enzymes present in these granules
which are released in infection.

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 Granulocytes:
 There are following types of granulocytes:
Neutrophills Eosinophils Basophills

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 Agranulocytes:
 They are white blood cells which contain no
granules in their cytoplasm.
 Act as phagocytic cells in the body
 Presentation of Pathogens to T cells

Cellular Elements
(WBCs)
 There are following types of agranulocytes:

Cellular Elements
(Platelets)
 Platelets:
 Platelets are also called Thrombocytes. They
are the fragments of large megakaryocytic
cells and hence they are called incomplete
cells.

Cellular Elements
(Platelets)
 Platelets:
 They form the plugs on the tears of blood
vessels.
 Also responsible for blood clot formation

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Blood physiology and composition/ hematology part 3.pptx

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Blood physiology and composition/ hematology part 3.pptx