BOD_and_COD_Water_Quality_Assessment.pptx
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BOD_and_COD_Water_Quality_Assessment.pptx
- 1. BOD and COD in Water Quality Assessment Importance and Applications in Environmental Engineering Your Name, College, Date
- 2. Introduction • - Water quality assessment is essential for environmental management. • - Organic pollutants in water affect aquatic ecosystems and human health. • - BOD and COD are key parameters for measuring water pollution levels.
- 3. What is BOD? • - BOD stands for Biochemical Oxygen Demand. • - It measures the oxygen required by microorganisms to break down organic matter in water. • - Standard measurement period: 5 days (BOD5). • - Higher BOD indicates more organic pollution.
- 4. What is COD? • - COD stands for Chemical Oxygen Demand. • - It measures the oxygen required to oxidize organic and inorganic matter in water chemically. • - Faster than BOD measurement. • - Indicates both biodegradable and non- biodegradable pollution.
- 5. Key Differences Between BOD and COD • BOD: • - Biological process. • - Measures biodegradable organic matter. • - Requires 5 days for measurement. • COD: • - Chemical process. • - Measures total organic matter (biodegradable and non-biodegradable).
- 6. Why Are BOD and COD Important? • - Indicators of water pollution levels. • - Help assess the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. • - Aid in regulatory compliance for industries. • - Protect aquatic ecosystems and public health.
- 7. Measurement of BOD • 1. Collect water sample. • 2. Add microorganisms to the sample. • 3. Incubate at 20°C for 5 days. • 4. Measure dissolved oxygen (DO) levels before and after incubation. • 5. Calculate BOD as the difference in DO levels.
- 8. Measurement of COD • 1. Add a strong oxidizing agent (e.g., potassium dichromate) to the water sample. • 2. Heat the sample in a closed system. • 3. Measure the amount of oxidant consumed. • 4. Calculate COD to determine the total oxygen demand.
- 9. Case Studies and Applications • - Industrial effluent monitoring: Tracks pollution from factories. • - Urban water bodies: Assesses pollution in rivers and lakes. • - Wastewater treatment plants: Evaluates treatment efficiency. • - Regulatory compliance: Ensures adherence to environmental standards.
- 10. Advantages and Limitations • **Advantages:** • - Simple and effective monitoring of water pollution. • - Provides data for decision-making and compliance. • **Limitations:** • - BOD requires 5 days, making it time- consuming.