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BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of

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Eusivia Pasi
Eusivia Pasi

BODY fluids

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BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION to compartment function Daily loss of body water Body fluid compartment Body fluid percentage Constituents of extracellular ana intracellular fluids Osmolar substances in extracellular and intracellular fluids Distribution of total body water(TBW) Measurement of body fluids volumes Ionic composition of body fluids Units for measuring concentration of solutes A. Moles B. Equivalents C. Osmoles D. Concept of pH and E. H concentration F. Concept of buffer system
INTRODUCTION In an average young adult male 7% of body weight is mineral 15% is fat 18% is protein and related substances and 60% is water, called total body water(TBW) 2. TBW is about 10% lower in young females due to greater amount of adipose tissue In infants TBW is 65- 75% of body weight By the age of 60 years, total body water (TBW) has decreased to only 45-50% of the total body weight. Regulation of body fluid volume Constituents of the extracellular fluid Acid base balance Control of fluid exchange between extracellular and intracellular compartments Daily intake of water :major sources (2300mlday)
DISTRIBUTION OF TOTAL BODY WATER
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
DAILY LOSS OF BODY WATER WHYBURNPATIENTSAREGIVENMOREFLUIDS?? DRYFEELINGINTHERESPIRATORYPASSAGES INCOLD WEATHER
Water and Its Functions Learning Outcomes 1. Compare intracellular and extracellular fluids. 2. List four types of extracellular fluids. 3. Name the systems that are involved in water balance. 4. Explain how thirst is regulated.
The Importance of Water Body fluid maintenance Thirst mechanism maintains volume Kidney activity regulates volume and composition. Hormones regulate fluid volume and electrolytes. Buffers, respiration, and kidney function regulate pH.
Fluid Compartments Intracellular fluid (ICF) Two-thirds to three-fourths of all body fluids Extracellular fluid (ECF) Interstitial fluid Blood plasma Lymph Fluid in special compartments
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
Water Balance Water gain from - Beverages - Food Cellular - respiration Water loss from - Kidneys - Skin - Lungs - Intestinal tract
Sense of Thirst Control center for thirst Located in hypothalamus Regulates total fluid volume Excessive thirstpolydipsia
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
Disorders of Body Fluids Edema Water intoxication Effusion Ascites Dehydration
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
Movement of body fluids
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
Solutes dissolved particles Electrolytes charged particles Cations positively charged ions Na+, K+ , Ca++, H+ Anions negatively charged ions Cl-, HCO3- , PO43- Non-electrolytes - Uncharged Proteins, urea, glucose, O2, CO2
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
Solved question 1. transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes within the a) Cell b)blood vessel c) lymphatics vessel d) joint cavity 2. The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily a) Diffusion and osmosis b)hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure 3. The thirst centers located in the a) Thalamus b) hypothalamus c) mid brain d) medulla oblangata 4. Of the compartments of the extracellular water ,which is the target ? a) Lymph b)plasma c) interstitial fluid d) transcellular fluid 5.
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ECF) COMPARTMENT This fluid is contained in the spaces outside the cell ECF compartments includes : 1. Plasma (blood plasma) 2. Interstitial fluid and 3. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID (1-2L) i. CSF ii. Intraocular iii. Pleural iv. Peritoneal v. Synovial vi. Digestive secretion
PLASMA Is the fluid portion of the blood It represents 25% of the ECF Its volume can be calculated from blood volume and PVC
INTERSTITIAL FLUID It is that part of ECF that is outside the vascular system It surrounds all cells except blood cells and includes lymph It is in constant motion throughout the body and is transported rapidly in the circulating blood Lymph constitutes 2-3% of the total body weight Ionic composition of plasma and interstitial fluid is similar
TRANSCELLULAR FLUID Fluid in the lumen of structures lined by epithelium It includes; digestive secretions ;sweat; cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);pleural ,peritoneal, synovial, intraocular and pericardial fluids ,bile and luminal fluids of the gut ,thyroid and cochlea Transcellular fluid volume is small,i.e 15mLKG of body weight
INTRACELLULAR CELLULAR FLUID(ICF)COMPARTMENT Is the fluid contained within the body cells Is the larger of the two major fluid compartments The volume of the ICF compartment varies
MEASUREMENT OF BODY FLUIDS VOLUMES The volume of water in each fluid compartment is measured by the indicator dilution principle It is based on the relationship between i. The amount of a substance injected intravenously (A) ii. The volume in which that substances is distributed (V) and iii. The final concentration attained 息 The equation for the relationship is C= i.e. V =
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDICATOR (MARKER) USED 1. It should be relatively easy to measure 2. It must remain in the compartment being measured 3. It must not alter water distribution in the compartment being measured 4. It must be non toxic 5. It must mix evenly throughout the compartment being measured 6. It must be unchanged by the body
EXTACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME (ECFV) VOLUME The ECFV is difficult to measure ,because ; i. Limits of this space are ill- defined ii. Few substances mix rapidly in all parts of the space while remaining exclusively extracellular METHODS 1. INULIN (polysaccharide ,MW 5200) 2. Mannitol
INTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME (ICFV) ICFV cannot be measured directly by dilution, because no substance is confined to this compartment after I .V administration It is determined indirectly as ICFV= TBW - ECFV
IONIC COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS Characteristic features Ions constitute approx. 95% of the solutes in the body fluids The sum of the concentrations of the cations equals the sum of the concentrations of the anions in each respective compartment, making the fluid in each compartment electrically neutral Na+, Ca2+,Cl- and HCO3- are largely extracellular ,whereas ,K+,Mg2+, organic phosphate (PO43-)and proteins (prot-) are predominantly present n the ICF K+ is in the exchangeable pool in all of the body, and only 65-70% of the body Na+ is exchangeable. Only the exchangeable solutes are osmotically active All of the body Ca2+ (in bone )and most of the body Mg2+ (in bone and cells ) are non-exchangeable
UNITS FOR MEASURING CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES The number of molecules ,electrical charges , or particles of a substances per unit volume of a particular body fluid are expressed in A. MOLES B. EQUIVALENTS OR C. OSMOLES D. CONCEPT OF Ph AND H+ CONCENTRATION E. CONCEPT OF BUFFER SYSTEM
A. MOLES Is the standard unit for expressing the amount of substance in the SI unit system A mole is the gram molecular weight of a substance i.e. the molecular weight of the substance in grams Each mole (mole)consists of approx.6x 10 23 molecules
B. EQUIVALENTS Is the standard unit for expressing the solutes in the body which are in the form of charged particles
C . OSMOLES It is the amount of concentration of osmotically active particles
D. CONCEPT OF Ph AND H+ CONCENTRATION
CONCEPT OF BUFFER SYSTEM Is a substance that has the ability to bind or release H+ in solution A buffer in a solution consists of a weak a acid and its conjugate base Buffering is the primary means by which large changes in [H+] are minimized within faction of seconds
DYNAMICS OF BUFFERING :THE HENDERSON- HASSELBALCH EQUATION The general equation for a buffer system is HA + + Where A- represents any anions and HA the undissociated acid
BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of

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BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS physiology of

  • 1. BODY WATER AND BODY FLUIDS
  • 2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION to compartment function Daily loss of body water Body fluid compartment Body fluid percentage Constituents of extracellular ana intracellular fluids Osmolar substances in extracellular and intracellular fluids Distribution of total body water(TBW) Measurement of body fluids volumes Ionic composition of body fluids Units for measuring concentration of solutes A. Moles B. Equivalents C. Osmoles D. Concept of pH and E. H concentration F. Concept of buffer system
  • 3. INTRODUCTION In an average young adult male 7% of body weight is mineral 15% is fat 18% is protein and related substances and 60% is water, called total body water(TBW) 2. TBW is about 10% lower in young females due to greater amount of adipose tissue In infants TBW is 65- 75% of body weight By the age of 60 years, total body water (TBW) has decreased to only 45-50% of the total body weight. Regulation of body fluid volume Constituents of the extracellular fluid Acid base balance Control of fluid exchange between extracellular and intracellular compartments Daily intake of water :major sources (2300mlday)
  • 6. DAILY LOSS OF BODY WATER WHYBURNPATIENTSAREGIVENMOREFLUIDS?? DRYFEELINGINTHERESPIRATORYPASSAGES INCOLD WEATHER
  • 7. Water and Its Functions Learning Outcomes 1. Compare intracellular and extracellular fluids. 2. List four types of extracellular fluids. 3. Name the systems that are involved in water balance. 4. Explain how thirst is regulated.
  • 8. The Importance of Water Body fluid maintenance Thirst mechanism maintains volume Kidney activity regulates volume and composition. Hormones regulate fluid volume and electrolytes. Buffers, respiration, and kidney function regulate pH.
  • 9. Fluid Compartments Intracellular fluid (ICF) Two-thirds to three-fourths of all body fluids Extracellular fluid (ECF) Interstitial fluid Blood plasma Lymph Fluid in special compartments
  • 11. Water Balance Water gain from - Beverages - Food Cellular - respiration Water loss from - Kidneys - Skin - Lungs - Intestinal tract
  • 12. Sense of Thirst Control center for thirst Located in hypothalamus Regulates total fluid volume Excessive thirstpolydipsia
  • 14. Disorders of Body Fluids Edema Water intoxication Effusion Ascites Dehydration
  • 28. Solutes dissolved particles Electrolytes charged particles Cations positively charged ions Na+, K+ , Ca++, H+ Anions negatively charged ions Cl-, HCO3- , PO43- Non-electrolytes - Uncharged Proteins, urea, glucose, O2, CO2
  • 45. Solved question 1. transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes within the a) Cell b)blood vessel c) lymphatics vessel d) joint cavity 2. The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily a) Diffusion and osmosis b)hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure 3. The thirst centers located in the a) Thalamus b) hypothalamus c) mid brain d) medulla oblangata 4. Of the compartments of the extracellular water ,which is the target ? a) Lymph b)plasma c) interstitial fluid d) transcellular fluid 5.
  • 53. EXTRACELLULAR FLUID (ECF) COMPARTMENT This fluid is contained in the spaces outside the cell ECF compartments includes : 1. Plasma (blood plasma) 2. Interstitial fluid and 3. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID (1-2L) i. CSF ii. Intraocular iii. Pleural iv. Peritoneal v. Synovial vi. Digestive secretion
  • 54. PLASMA Is the fluid portion of the blood It represents 25% of the ECF Its volume can be calculated from blood volume and PVC
  • 55. INTERSTITIAL FLUID It is that part of ECF that is outside the vascular system It surrounds all cells except blood cells and includes lymph It is in constant motion throughout the body and is transported rapidly in the circulating blood Lymph constitutes 2-3% of the total body weight Ionic composition of plasma and interstitial fluid is similar
  • 56. TRANSCELLULAR FLUID Fluid in the lumen of structures lined by epithelium It includes; digestive secretions ;sweat; cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);pleural ,peritoneal, synovial, intraocular and pericardial fluids ,bile and luminal fluids of the gut ,thyroid and cochlea Transcellular fluid volume is small,i.e 15mLKG of body weight
  • 57. INTRACELLULAR CELLULAR FLUID(ICF)COMPARTMENT Is the fluid contained within the body cells Is the larger of the two major fluid compartments The volume of the ICF compartment varies
  • 58. MEASUREMENT OF BODY FLUIDS VOLUMES The volume of water in each fluid compartment is measured by the indicator dilution principle It is based on the relationship between i. The amount of a substance injected intravenously (A) ii. The volume in which that substances is distributed (V) and iii. The final concentration attained 息 The equation for the relationship is C= i.e. V =
  • 59. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INDICATOR (MARKER) USED 1. It should be relatively easy to measure 2. It must remain in the compartment being measured 3. It must not alter water distribution in the compartment being measured 4. It must be non toxic 5. It must mix evenly throughout the compartment being measured 6. It must be unchanged by the body
  • 60. EXTACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME (ECFV) VOLUME The ECFV is difficult to measure ,because ; i. Limits of this space are ill- defined ii. Few substances mix rapidly in all parts of the space while remaining exclusively extracellular METHODS 1. INULIN (polysaccharide ,MW 5200) 2. Mannitol
  • 61. INTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME (ICFV) ICFV cannot be measured directly by dilution, because no substance is confined to this compartment after I .V administration It is determined indirectly as ICFV= TBW - ECFV
  • 62. IONIC COMPOSITION OF BODY FLUIDS Characteristic features Ions constitute approx. 95% of the solutes in the body fluids The sum of the concentrations of the cations equals the sum of the concentrations of the anions in each respective compartment, making the fluid in each compartment electrically neutral Na+, Ca2+,Cl- and HCO3- are largely extracellular ,whereas ,K+,Mg2+, organic phosphate (PO43-)and proteins (prot-) are predominantly present n the ICF K+ is in the exchangeable pool in all of the body, and only 65-70% of the body Na+ is exchangeable. Only the exchangeable solutes are osmotically active All of the body Ca2+ (in bone )and most of the body Mg2+ (in bone and cells ) are non-exchangeable
  • 63. UNITS FOR MEASURING CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES The number of molecules ,electrical charges , or particles of a substances per unit volume of a particular body fluid are expressed in A. MOLES B. EQUIVALENTS OR C. OSMOLES D. CONCEPT OF Ph AND H+ CONCENTRATION E. CONCEPT OF BUFFER SYSTEM
  • 64. A. MOLES Is the standard unit for expressing the amount of substance in the SI unit system A mole is the gram molecular weight of a substance i.e. the molecular weight of the substance in grams Each mole (mole)consists of approx.6x 10 23 molecules
  • 65. B. EQUIVALENTS Is the standard unit for expressing the solutes in the body which are in the form of charged particles
  • 66. C . OSMOLES It is the amount of concentration of osmotically active particles
  • 67. D. CONCEPT OF Ph AND H+ CONCENTRATION
  • 68. CONCEPT OF BUFFER SYSTEM Is a substance that has the ability to bind or release H+ in solution A buffer in a solution consists of a weak a acid and its conjugate base Buffering is the primary means by which large changes in [H+] are minimized within faction of seconds
  • 69. DYNAMICS OF BUFFERING :THE HENDERSON- HASSELBALCH EQUATION The general equation for a buffer system is HA + + Where A- represents any anions and HA the undissociated acid

Editor's Notes

  • #4: Adipose tissue (subcutaneous fat)connective tissue consisting mainly of fats cells commomly known as body fat ,it is all over the body can be found under the skin