3. 調理療法( 預備療法)
Conditioning Preparative
目的
?提供足夠的免疫抑制作用,避免產生排斥
(To provide adequate immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the
transplanted graft)
?根除病患本身的病症
(To eradicate the disease for which the transplant is being
performed
常見的調理療法
?骨髓摧毀性療法( Myeloablative regimens )
?減強度的前置療法( Reduced intensity regimens )
?非骨髓摧毀性療法( Nonmyeloablative regimens )
4. 調理療法強度之比較
No standard choice
BU indicates busulfan; CY, cyclophosphamide; TBI, total body irradiation; Flu, fludarabine (various dosing
schedules); AraC, cytosine arabinoside; ATG, antithymocyte globulin, 131I, anti-CD45 antibody conjugated to 131I.
*“High-dose” TBI (800-1320 cGy). ?“Low-dose” TBI (200-400 cGy).
Blood. 2010; 116(23): 4762–4770.
5. 本病患使用之調理療法
Day - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0
Busulfan l l l l l
Endoxan l l
32. 預防GVHD:Methotrexate
Day - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 0 + 1 + 2 + 3
Busulfan l l l l l
Endoxan l l
rATG l l l
MTX
CsA l l l l l
D+1, D+3, D+6, D+11
33. 機轉:
thymidine
Leucovorin calcium, a derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid, may block the effects of
methotrexate if given shortly after the antineoplastic agent.
Tissues with high rates of cellular proliferation such as neoplasms, psoriatic epidermis,
bone marrow, the lining of the GI tract, hair matrix, and fetal cells are most sensitive
to the effects of methotrexate.
?DNA共價化合物的形成 :??烷基化藥物主要和DNA的鹼基形成化合物,阻止細胞分裂所需的DNA複製過程,DNA遭到破壞殺死細胞
Busulfan is an alkylating agent which reacts with the N-7 position of guanosine and interferes with DNA replication and transcription of RNA. Busulfan has a more marked effect on myeloid cells than on lymphoid cells and is also very toxic to hematopoietic stem cells. Busulfan exhibits little immunosuppressive activity. Interferes with the normal function of DNA by alkylation and cross-linking the strands of DNA
Drug Discovery Today Volume 00, Number 00 May 2014
藥廠建議
多重器官衰竭
肝腦病變
死亡
Phenytoin I.V. effects: Hypotension, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiovascular collapse (especially with rapid I.V. use), venous irritation and pain, thrombophlebitis?
是否該定期監測phernytoin血中濃度:無相關文獻,若有phenytoin toxicity中毒
This short duration of phenytoin administration
is unlikely to be sufficient to achieve steady-state
phenytoin concentrations, which usually takes
1–3 weeks after starting the drug
Most cases of cyclophosphamideinduced
bladder
cancer have been reported in patients who received the
drug orally for more than 1 year. A cumulative dose of
more than 20 g is the principal risk factor, with a median
interval from treatment to diagnosis of bladder cancer
of 7 years.58 Patients treated with longterm
cyclophosphamide
should be followed indefinitely with routine
urinalysis for microscopic hematuria and cysto scopy if
red blood cells are present.
The pathophysiology of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD).[162,163] The pathophysiology of GVHD involves a three-step process: (i) the
conditioning regimen injures host tissues, which results in the release of inflammatory cytokines (i.e. ‘cytokine storm’); (ii) antigen-presenting
cells (APCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) activate donor T cells, followed by donor T-cell proliferation and differentiation; (iii) numerous immune
effector cells are activated, which leads to GVHD-mediated destruction of target tissue through cytotoxic and inflammatory attacks (
捐贈者 T淋巴球 的免疫對抗病人組織反應,一般侵犯皮膚 腸胃 肝臟
CsA
?
Drugs 2010; 70 (6): 691-732
?
MTX 抑制FH4 ? FH2 使tmp生合成下降。專一性抑制細胞分裂s其
?
n the cytoplasm, cyclosporine
(CsA) binds to its immunophilin, cyclophylin (CpN), forming a complex between cyclosporine and CpN.
The cyclosporine–CpN complex binds and blocks the function of the enzyme calcineurin (CaN), which has a
serine/threonine phosphatase activity. As a result, CaN fails to dephosphorylate the cytoplasmic component of
the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-ATc), and thereby the transport of NF-ATc to the nucleus
and the binding of NF-ATc to the nuclear component of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-ATn). The
NF-ATc–NF-ATn complex binds to the promoter of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene and initiates IL-2 production.
Consequently, T cells do not produce IL-2, which is necessary for full T-cell activation. Tacrolimus (FK506)
binds to FK506-binding protein (FKBP), forming a FK506–FKBP complex, which binds to and blocks CaN. The
FK506–FKBP–CaN complex inhibits the activation of NF-ATc, thus preventing its entrance into the nucleus.
Although the pre-drugs cyclosporine and FK506 bind to different target molecules, both drugs inhibit T-cell
activation in the same fashion
(~1.5 mg/kg) (因併用voriconazole,起始劑量減約50%) 100 mg in NS 500cc
Kidney transplantation: principles and practice, 2008, page 247