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Editor's Notes

1. I am a community ecologist, and as a community ecologist, I am interested in the mechanisms that maintain species diversity in nature, or as Hutchinson put it, “why are there so many kinds of species?” Here three plots from the same site, but have no species in common. Many ways to answer this question, all of which are valid, but a major one is what environmental heterogeneity….can see this here with soil colour Environmental heterogeneity promotes species diversity “An answer”, one answer
2. A lot of work into how species respond to temporal variability; strong focus on how environmental variability affects seed production, and how those responses affect… Doesn’t matter if your parents experienced a stressful environment or not, that will not change how you respond to your environment Net decrease in diversity
3. The presence of maternal effects violates this assumption. In plants and animals, it is well known that the environment not only affects the quantity of offspring produced, but also the quality of those offspring, which can in turn affect the number of demographic parameters in the offspring.
4. Sometimes these maternal effects can reinforce regular numeric effects, larger seeds in addition to more
5. Sometimes they can counteract then, smaller seeds when conditions improve; directly affect demographic parameters such as germination, dormancy, growth rate, competitive ability etc.
6. And if you have species competing in a community, some with no ME, reinforcing Mes, or counteracting MEs, you can imagine that the population dynamics and competitive outcomes of these communities will be quite different than those with no maternal effects. The effects are likely large, and I’ve actually done some modelling work to confirm this
7. Although there are many examples of maternal effects in both plant and animal taxa, all existing tests have included less than 3 species and often control for genotypic differences amongst individuals. …genetic mechanisms and possible evolution of these effects, but it is not known how common they are in biological communities, and if the strong responses identified at the genotypic level are swamped by population-level variation Problem: The prevalence….we don’tknow
8. “regular numeric responses such as seed number” -
9. Ecologically relevant assemblage of species; mediterranean regions in general, but also contain high numbers of annual plants lifetime reproduction can be measured in a single growing season after germinating, annuals only have one shot at … Important caveat that commercially obtained seed, rather than… -picture of meiterranean plant community, put key words at bottom as bullet points?
10. Hide bars first Highlight 4 aspects “Results” Example Results template Layout
11. 4 aspects of these results that I want to emphasize
12. 4 aspects of these results that I want to emphasize
13. put result as its own slide, and highlight phylogenetic relatedness—actually significantly clustered
14. Seed number decreased by 85% on average in response to dry environments
15. Seed number are not
16. Ecologists are currently ignoring half of the ways in which species are responding to the environment
17. Ecologists are currently ignoring half of the ways in which species are responding to the environment Suggests that these seed size responses may contribute to phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, which is a major focus of my current research
18. The takehome message—the one thing you need to remember, is that maternal effects are common, and should be considered by ecologists as a source of species-specific responses to environmental variation.
19. Maternal environment singificant effect on seedling height P = 0.0001