Brainstorming; Class notes
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Brainstorming is a technique for generating ideas in a group setting where participants are encouraged to contribute freely without criticism. It was popularized by Alex Osborn in 1953 to provide a more creative environment than typical problem solving groups. Osborn established four rules for brainstorming - focusing on quantity of ideas, deferring judgment, welcoming unusual ideas, and building on others' ideas. The goal is to overcome social inhibitions and limitations to thinking in order to develop a wide range of potential solutions to problems.
![Osborn
Osborn claimed that two principles contribute to "ideative efficacy," these being
"1. Defer judgment," and "2. Reach for quantity."[1]
Four general rules, established with intention to reduce social inhibitions among group
members, stimulate idea generation, and increase overall creativity of the group.
Focus on quantity: This rule is a means of enhancing divergent production, aiming to facilitate problem
solving through the maxim quantity breeds quality. The assumption is that the greater the number of
ideas generated, the greater the chance of producing a radical and effective solution.
Withhold criticism: In brainstorming, criticism of ideas generated should be put 'on hold'. Instead,
participants should focus on extending or adding to ideas, reserving criticism for a later 'critical stage'
of the process. By suspending judgment, participants will feel free to generate unusual ideas.
Welcome unusual ideas: To get a good and long list of ideas, unusual ideas are welcomed. They can
be generated by looking from new perspectives and suspending assumptions. These new ways of
thinking may provide better solutions.
Combine and improve ideas: Good ideas may be combined to form a single better good idea, as
suggested by the slogan "1+1=3". It is believed to stimulate the building of ideas by a process
of association.[1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/brainstorming-140716231824-phpapp01/85/Brainstorming-Class-notes-6-320.jpg)
Brainstorming; Class notes
- 2. Brainstorming Why Use Brainstorming? Conventional group problem-solving can be fraught with problems. Fear Intimidation Control By contrast, brainstorming provides a freewheeling environment in which everyone is encouraged to participate. Illumination (Awareness of own thoughts) Verification (Expansion of own thoughts) Quirky ideas are welcomed, and many of the issues of group problem-solving are overcome. All participants are asked to contribute fully and fairly, liberating people to develop a rich array of creative solutions to the problems they're facing.
- 3. Storm the brain and see what you can find. Brainstorming
- 4. Quote "No idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered with a searching, but at the same time, steady eye. ~Winston Churchill
- 5. Background Brainstorming is a group or individual creativity technique. Efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its member(s). The term was popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in the 1953 book Applied Imagination. Osborn claimed that brainstorming was more effective than individuals working alone in generating ideas, although more recent research has questioned this conclusion.
- 6. Osborn Osborn claimed that two principles contribute to "ideative efficacy," these being "1. Defer judgment," and "2. Reach for quantity."[1] Four general rules, established with intention to reduce social inhibitions among group members, stimulate idea generation, and increase overall creativity of the group. Focus on quantity: This rule is a means of enhancing divergent production, aiming to facilitate problem solving through the maxim quantity breeds quality. The assumption is that the greater the number of ideas generated, the greater the chance of producing a radical and effective solution. Withhold criticism: In brainstorming, criticism of ideas generated should be put 'on hold'. Instead, participants should focus on extending or adding to ideas, reserving criticism for a later 'critical stage' of the process. By suspending judgment, participants will feel free to generate unusual ideas. Welcome unusual ideas: To get a good and long list of ideas, unusual ideas are welcomed. They can be generated by looking from new perspectives and suspending assumptions. These new ways of thinking may provide better solutions. Combine and improve ideas: Good ideas may be combined to form a single better good idea, as suggested by the slogan "1+1=3". It is believed to stimulate the building of ideas by a process of association.[1]
- 7. Design
- 8. Lead Define the problem to be solved clearly. Establish any criteria to be met. Generate a general conversation about the topic and big picture. Appoint a scribe to record the ideas that come from the session. Start the storm and make sure everyone contributes. Encourage people to develop other people's ideas and comments. Be enthusiastic, uncritical, non-judgemental. Have fun.
- 9. Most importantly, have fun. Lets go, lets storm the brain.