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Editor's Notes

1. In order to understand Brazil we have to look at its history and the effect of colonization and its long term concequences1))as usual he was searching for India and end up in Brazil in the northeast setting up tTrading posts B)temperate climate with low settler mortality =institutions that guarentee equality of economic and political rights(USA and Canada).tropical climate with high settler mortality institutions that benefit settlers at the expense of natives and african slaves.2)So when brazil became independent it continued the inherited inequality which lead to lower investment in education and infrastructure hence lower rates of growth . 3)From northeast(Bahia) to southeast(RIO) decline of the northeast creating new inequalities between regions.Still the land belonged to white southerns and europeans and the blacks and other immigrants suffered from lack of opportunities and we have the creation of favelas which till this day are one of the major obstacles of the growth of brazil4)Vargas reduced the power of the elite and created a class of underprivileged workers with strong rules of entry or exit of employment,which eventually lead to the formation of small businesses operating out of the formal economy. 5)Very high inflation6)BrazilianMIRACLE:forced savings ,liberalization of financial markets,subsidized loans to domestic industry……growth of 10%.But even though it started well it ended in total disaster .Excesive borrowing lead to default in 1982 which triggered financial crisis the fall of the military and in 7)1985 lula was the president of the workers party and 8)Vote became mandatory9)high inflation ,deficits,debts, 35% of the population poor10))First as a minister and later as president he is credited to have decreased the inflation from 2500% to 16%,privatized state owned companies and reduced poverty to 28%
2. Brazil is A)The market is GOVERNED by B) and C)There is high corruption 2 directions on IP policy. Although the federal government has pursued a hard line in public against IP rights, "a quiet, little-noticed revolution has been going on the last 2 decadesLow rank on all three indicators
3. A)Reduced inflation A)and B) made securities atractive to investors C)S&P AND FITCH increased brazil from B+TO BB D)Increased the retirement age A unified bloc with leading role in doha round of trade negotiations and beyondMercosur increase free trade in south americaOn the other hand it took a harder approach with usa D) With the rise of china brasil increase its exports
4. A)Improved purchasing power and decreased the burden of social security programsB)And C) Income for life D)Education became accessible to everyone
5. Brazil 6th largest economy ->Centre for Economics and business Research (CEBR) PPP 11000 vs. 8,810 in 2006Privitization Airports: prepare for world cupMonetary tightening: overnight intervention interest rate went up from 8.75% march 2011 10.5% now. Social investment:Improved pension social security benefitsGrowth Acceleration ProgramReversed stimulus created rising inflation and consumer-credit growthGovernment allocation of resources to the National Bank for Economic and Social DevelopmentGDP 2006: 1.08 Trillion10.3% unemployment in 2006