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British rule in the countryside

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Submitting to the supereme power
Exploitation of situation
Rural life in British India Busy peasantry in their agricultural operations
British Glory spreading in all parts of world unabatedly!
Indian might could not stop the English in furthering their designs
Local rulers
English exploiting the local rulers for revenue resources
British rule in the countryside
English East India Companys Headquarters at calcutta.
British Rule in the Country side. Policies&Measures. By G.srinivasarao.Tgt-ss,JNV,Lepakshi.
English East India Company as the Sole Flourishing Trading power.
The East India Company as the Diwan The East India Company asthe Diwan of Bengal became its chief financial administrator Now it had to think of administering the land and organising its revenue resources. This had to be done in a way that could yield enough revenue to meet the growing expenses of the company.
British to woo locals rather than persecute! Being an alien power, it needed to pacify those who in the past had ruled the countryside, and enjoyed authority and prestige
Fine cotton and silk cloth It wanted a large revenue income but was unwilling to set up any regular system of assessment and collection. The effort was to increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible.
Commonssufferings. Artisans were deserting villages since they were being forced to sell their goods to the Company at low prices. Peasants were unable to pay the dues. Artisanal production was in decline, and agricultural cultivation showed signs of collapse. Then in 1770 a terrible famine killed ten million people in Bengal. About one- third of the population was wiped out.
Scenes of ghastly famine
Permanent settlement of 1793,by Lord Cornwallis. By the terms of the Permanent settlement of 1793, the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future. It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the Companys coffers and at the same time encourage the zamindars to invest in improving the land. Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land.
Mahalwari Settlement In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now UttarPradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822. He felt that the village was an important social institution in north Indian society and needed to be preserved. Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups. The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that village was an important social institution This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed. The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar.
The Munro System The new system Ryotwar (or ryotwari) was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India. Read and Munro felt that in the south there were no traditional zamindars. The settlement, had to be made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilled the land for generations. Their fields had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their charge.
Indigo cultivation devastated villages
Ryoti System Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta). At times they pressurised the village headmen to sign the contract on behalf of the ryots. Those who signed the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25 per cent of the area under his holding. The planter provided the seed and the drill, while the cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. The procurement price for indigo was so less that cultivators were always in debt trap.
Answer Please! Test Your Understanding! Name the Sole Flourishing EuropeanTrading power in India in 18thcentury?
Ans; English East Indiacompany.
2. After Which Battle,The East India Company became the Diwan of Bengal?
Ans;After Battle of Buxar in 1765.
3. Why did English want a large revenue income from our Villages?
Ans-To increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible.
4.When did a terrible famine kill ten million people in Bengal? 4.When did a terrible famine kill ten million people in Bengal?
Ans;In 1770
5.Name him ?& his policy?
Lord Cornwallis,who founded Permanent settlement in 1793.
What do you mean by Mahalwari Settlement ? Who introduced it ?
Each village(mahal) was an important social,revenue unit for tax assessment by Collectors under the responsibility of Village headman. Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
5.Name him ?& his policy?
The new system Ryotwar (or ryotwari)became The Munro System after its developer, Thomas Munro,The English official.
What was Ryoti System? What was its effect on the peasants?
The planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, price for indigo was so less that cultivators were always in debt trap.
Home assignment! Please make an interesting ppt-presentation on the Effects of British policies for revenue in the period?
Bibliography 1.class-viii-History Ncert Reader-part-I-our pasts-iii, 2.Picture clippings from internet pages,
Thanks For One&All

More Related Content

British rule in the countryside

  • 1. Submitting to the supereme power
  • 3. Rural life in British India Busy peasantry in their agricultural operations
  • 4. British Glory spreading in all parts of world unabatedly!
  • 5. Indian might could not stop the English in furthering their designs
  • 7. English exploiting the local rulers for revenue resources
  • 9. English East India Companys Headquarters at calcutta.
  • 10. British Rule in the Country side. Policies&Measures. By G.srinivasarao.Tgt-ss,JNV,Lepakshi.
  • 11. English East India Company as the Sole Flourishing Trading power.
  • 12. The East India Company as the Diwan The East India Company asthe Diwan of Bengal became its chief financial administrator Now it had to think of administering the land and organising its revenue resources. This had to be done in a way that could yield enough revenue to meet the growing expenses of the company.
  • 13. British to woo locals rather than persecute! Being an alien power, it needed to pacify those who in the past had ruled the countryside, and enjoyed authority and prestige
  • 14. Fine cotton and silk cloth It wanted a large revenue income but was unwilling to set up any regular system of assessment and collection. The effort was to increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible.
  • 15. Commonssufferings. Artisans were deserting villages since they were being forced to sell their goods to the Company at low prices. Peasants were unable to pay the dues. Artisanal production was in decline, and agricultural cultivation showed signs of collapse. Then in 1770 a terrible famine killed ten million people in Bengal. About one- third of the population was wiped out.
  • 17. Permanent settlement of 1793,by Lord Cornwallis. By the terms of the Permanent settlement of 1793, the rajas and taluqdars were recognized as zamindars. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future. It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the Companys coffers and at the same time encourage the zamindars to invest in improving the land. Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land.
  • 18. Mahalwari Settlement In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now UttarPradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822. He felt that the village was an important social institution in north Indian society and needed to be preserved. Under his directions, collectors went from village to village, inspecting the land, measuring the fields, and recording the customs and rights of different groups. The estimated revenue of each plot within a village was added up to calculate the revenue that village was an important social institution This demand was to be revised periodically, not permanently fixed. The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar.
  • 19. The Munro System The new system Ryotwar (or ryotwari) was tried on a small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some of the areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan. Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India. Read and Munro felt that in the south there were no traditional zamindars. The settlement, had to be made directly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilled the land for generations. Their fields had to be carefully and separately surveyed before the revenue assessment was made. Munro thought that the British should act as paternal father figures protecting the ryots under their charge.
  • 21. Ryoti System Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta). At times they pressurised the village headmen to sign the contract on behalf of the ryots. Those who signed the contract got cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25 per cent of the area under his holding. The planter provided the seed and the drill, while the cultivators prepared the soil, sowed the seed and looked after the crop. The procurement price for indigo was so less that cultivators were always in debt trap.
  • 22. Answer Please! Test Your Understanding! Name the Sole Flourishing EuropeanTrading power in India in 18thcentury?
  • 23. Ans; English East Indiacompany.
  • 24. 2. After Which Battle,The East India Company became the Diwan of Bengal?
  • 25. Ans;After Battle of Buxar in 1765.
  • 26. 3. Why did English want a large revenue income from our Villages?
  • 27. Ans-To increase the revenue as much as it could and buy fine cotton and silk cloth as cheaply as possible.
  • 28. 4.When did a terrible famine kill ten million people in Bengal? 4.When did a terrible famine kill ten million people in Bengal?
  • 30. 5.Name him ?& his policy?
  • 32. What do you mean by Mahalwari Settlement ? Who introduced it ?
  • 33. Each village(mahal) was an important social,revenue unit for tax assessment by Collectors under the responsibility of Village headman. Holt Mackenzie devised the new system which came into effect in 1822.
  • 34. 5.Name him ?& his policy?
  • 35. The new system Ryotwar (or ryotwari)became The Munro System after its developer, Thomas Munro,The English official.
  • 36. What was Ryoti System? What was its effect on the peasants?
  • 37. The planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, price for indigo was so less that cultivators were always in debt trap.
  • 38. Home assignment! Please make an interesting ppt-presentation on the Effects of British policies for revenue in the period?