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Brucellosis, Public health (Signs and Symptoms)

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aswadiwasil
aswadiwasil

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that can cause a variety of non-specific symptoms including fever, sweats, joint pain, and fatigue. Physical exam may reveal enlarged liver and spleen, joint swelling, or eye inflammation. Complications can include arthritis, hepatitis, epididymitis, and neurobrucellosis if left untreated. Diagnosis involves blood tests showing abnormal white blood cell count and serology. Culture of blood or tissues provides definitive diagnosis. Treatment consists of a combination of antibiotics like doxycycline and rifampin over a period of months. Prevention focuses on controlling the disease in animals and immunization of at-risk herds.

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Brucellosis M. Wasil Aswadi
Contents Clinical features Physical findings Complications Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Clinical features Protean in nature Not specific enough to support diagnosis Fever Associated with profuse sweats Almost invariable Associated with relative bradycardia Undulant Anorexia, asthenia, weakness
Clinical features Bone and joint symptoms Arthralgia Lower back pain Spine and joint pain Neuropsychiatric symptoms Headache, depression Changes in mental status, coma Gastrointestinal complaints Constipation, vomiting, diarrhea Abdominal pain cont
Physical findings Hepatosplenomegaly Right upper quadrant pain and jaundice Swelling, tenderness and limited motion of joints Swollen and tender scrotum New or changing murmurs, pericardial rub Respiratory depression, meningeal irritation
Physical findings Ocular findings Keratoconjunctivitis Optic neuritis Choroiditis Cataracts Cutaneous manifestations Vasculitic lesions Macular, maculopapular, scarlatiniform rashes Cutaneous ulcerations cont
Complications Rare if treated properly Relapse in 10% of patients Most common Osteoarticular Hepatobiliary and GI Genitourinary Neurobrucellosis Cardiovascular Less common Splenic abscess, epidural abscess
Diagnosis Complete blood count Neutropenia in a significant number of patients Anemia in 75% of patients Pancytopenia Culture Considered as one of the most definitive tests Recovered from blood, bone marrow or other tissues Serology The most commonly used method of diagnosing Tube agglutination test
Treatment Antibiotics Doxycycline Gentamicin, streptomycin Rifampin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Other agents Corticosteroids for symptomatic Brucella meningitis Analgesics and antipyretics
Prevention Eradication or control of disease in animals Better handling of infected animals Public awareness and education Immunization of at-risk animals Use of protective devices for people with an occupational risk
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Brucellosis, Public health (Signs and Symptoms)

  • 2. Contents Clinical features Physical findings Complications Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
  • 3. Clinical features Protean in nature Not specific enough to support diagnosis Fever Associated with profuse sweats Almost invariable Associated with relative bradycardia Undulant Anorexia, asthenia, weakness
  • 4. Clinical features Bone and joint symptoms Arthralgia Lower back pain Spine and joint pain Neuropsychiatric symptoms Headache, depression Changes in mental status, coma Gastrointestinal complaints Constipation, vomiting, diarrhea Abdominal pain cont
  • 5. Physical findings Hepatosplenomegaly Right upper quadrant pain and jaundice Swelling, tenderness and limited motion of joints Swollen and tender scrotum New or changing murmurs, pericardial rub Respiratory depression, meningeal irritation
  • 6. Physical findings Ocular findings Keratoconjunctivitis Optic neuritis Choroiditis Cataracts Cutaneous manifestations Vasculitic lesions Macular, maculopapular, scarlatiniform rashes Cutaneous ulcerations cont
  • 7. Complications Rare if treated properly Relapse in 10% of patients Most common Osteoarticular Hepatobiliary and GI Genitourinary Neurobrucellosis Cardiovascular Less common Splenic abscess, epidural abscess
  • 8. Diagnosis Complete blood count Neutropenia in a significant number of patients Anemia in 75% of patients Pancytopenia Culture Considered as one of the most definitive tests Recovered from blood, bone marrow or other tissues Serology The most commonly used method of diagnosing Tube agglutination test
  • 9. Treatment Antibiotics Doxycycline Gentamicin, streptomycin Rifampin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Other agents Corticosteroids for symptomatic Brucella meningitis Analgesics and antipyretics
  • 10. Prevention Eradication or control of disease in animals Better handling of infected animals Public awareness and education Immunization of at-risk animals Use of protective devices for people with an occupational risk