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2. Intellectual
revolutions that
defined society
By:
Anna Maria Gracia I. Estardo, RN, MAEd
 Copernicus
Darwin
Freud
Voltaire
Baron de Montesquieu
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Cradles of early science
o Development of Science in Mesoamerica
o Development of Science in Asia
o Development of Science in Middle East
o Development of Science in Africa
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Group Activity
Voltaire
Baron de Montesquieu
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Cradles of Early Science
Development of Science in Mesoamerica
 Entire area of Central
America from
Southern Mexico up
to the border of South
America.
 Maya civilization
lasted for approx.
2000 years.
 Incorporated their
advanced
understanding of
astronomy into their
temples and religious
structures.
 The El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza is
situated is situated at the location of the Sun
during the spring and fall equinoxes.
 Predicting eclipses
 Astrological cycles in
planting and
harvesting
 They built observatories so their priests could
watch the stars and plan the best time for
festivals, religious rituals and cultural
celebrations.
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 Hydraulics
 Weaving
looms
 The Maya hieroglypich writing is arguably one of the
most visually striking writing systems of the world. It
is also very complex, with hundreds of unique signs or
glyphs in the form of humans, animals, supernaturals,
objects, and abstract designs.
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 largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and
possibly the largest empire in the world in the
early 16th century
 flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and
1533 CE
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1. Roads paved with stones
2. Stone buildings that surmounted
earthquakes
3. Irrigation system and technique for storing
water
4. Calendar with 12 months
5. First suspension bridge
6. Quipu
7. Inca textiles
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 The Aztecs were an advanced and prosperous
civilization who built beautiful and sophisticated
cities.
 The highly developed empire had an elaborate
leadership and society that consisted of four
classes.
 Nobles (highest in power)
 Commoners (the majority of population, were mostly
farmers)
 Serfs (worked land for the nobles)
 Slaves (consisted of those captured and indebted
who couldnt pay)
1. Mandatory education
2. Chocolates  cacao beans
3. Antispasmodic medication
4. Chinampa - irrigation systems
5. Aztec calendar
6. Invention of the canoe
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Development of Science in Asia
India
 Known for manufacturing iron and in
metallurgical works
 Medicine - Ayurveda
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 Mathematics
 Tried to standardize measurement of length to a
high degree of accuracy.
 ARYABHATA
 first of the major first of the
major mathematician-
astronomers from the classical
age of Indian mathematics and
Indian astronomy.
 Aryabhatiya:
 place value system
 Approximation of 
 Trigonometry
 Solar and lunar eclipses were
scientifically explained by
Aryabhata. He states that the
Moon and planets shine by
reflected sunlight.
 BRAHMAGUPTA
 Brhmasphu畊asiddhnta
 defined the properties of the number zero, both as a
placeholder and a decimal digit
 Suggested that gravity was a force of attraction.
China
 Traditional medicine  acupunture
 Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing
tools
 Astronomy  heavenly bodies, lunar calendars
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Development of Science in Middle East
 Dominantly occupied by Muslims
 Greater value on science experiments
 Hasan Ibn al-Haytham
 was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and
physicist of the Islamic Golden Age
 Father of Optics
 Muhammad ibn Musa
al-Khwarizmi
 concept of the algorithm
in mathematics
 Algebra from al-jabr
(Hisab al-Jabr wa-al-
Muqabala)
 calendars, calculating
true positions of the sun,
moon and planets, tables
of sines and tangents,
spherical astronomy,
astrological tables
Development of Science in Africa
 Ancient Egyptian Civilization
 Development of geometry
 Center of alchemy
 Studied human anatomy and pharmacology
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
Unit Quiz!
 End of Unit 2

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bsp-sts pt2

  • 1. 2. Intellectual revolutions that defined society By: Anna Maria Gracia I. Estardo, RN, MAEd
  • 2. Copernicus Darwin Freud Voltaire Baron de Montesquieu Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei
  • 3. Cradles of early science o Development of Science in Mesoamerica o Development of Science in Asia o Development of Science in Middle East o Development of Science in Africa
  • 11. Group Activity Voltaire Baron de Montesquieu Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei
  • 12. Cradles of Early Science Development of Science in Mesoamerica
  • 13. Entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America. Maya civilization lasted for approx. 2000 years. Incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy into their temples and religious structures.
  • 14. The El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza is situated is situated at the location of the Sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.
  • 15. Predicting eclipses Astrological cycles in planting and harvesting
  • 16. They built observatories so their priests could watch the stars and plan the best time for festivals, religious rituals and cultural celebrations.
  • 19. The Maya hieroglypich writing is arguably one of the most visually striking writing systems of the world. It is also very complex, with hundreds of unique signs or glyphs in the form of humans, animals, supernaturals, objects, and abstract designs.
  • 23. largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1533 CE
  • 25. 1. Roads paved with stones 2. Stone buildings that surmounted earthquakes 3. Irrigation system and technique for storing water 4. Calendar with 12 months 5. First suspension bridge 6. Quipu 7. Inca textiles
  • 28. The Aztecs were an advanced and prosperous civilization who built beautiful and sophisticated cities. The highly developed empire had an elaborate leadership and society that consisted of four classes. Nobles (highest in power) Commoners (the majority of population, were mostly farmers) Serfs (worked land for the nobles) Slaves (consisted of those captured and indebted who couldnt pay)
  • 29. 1. Mandatory education 2. Chocolates cacao beans 3. Antispasmodic medication 4. Chinampa - irrigation systems 5. Aztec calendar 6. Invention of the canoe
  • 33. India Known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works Medicine - Ayurveda
  • 35. Mathematics Tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy.
  • 36. ARYABHATA first of the major first of the major mathematician- astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. Aryabhatiya: place value system Approximation of Trigonometry Solar and lunar eclipses were scientifically explained by Aryabhata. He states that the Moon and planets shine by reflected sunlight.
  • 37. BRAHMAGUPTA Brhmasphu畊asiddhnta defined the properties of the number zero, both as a placeholder and a decimal digit Suggested that gravity was a force of attraction.
  • 38. China Traditional medicine acupunture Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools Astronomy heavenly bodies, lunar calendars
  • 40. Development of Science in Middle East
  • 41. Dominantly occupied by Muslims Greater value on science experiments Hasan Ibn al-Haytham was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age Father of Optics
  • 42. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi concept of the algorithm in mathematics Algebra from al-jabr (Hisab al-Jabr wa-al- Muqabala) calendars, calculating true positions of the sun, moon and planets, tables of sines and tangents, spherical astronomy, astrological tables
  • 44. Ancient Egyptian Civilization
  • 45. Development of geometry Center of alchemy Studied human anatomy and pharmacology Astronomy Mathematics
  • 46. Unit Quiz! End of Unit 2