van Rikxoort - Building 'climate smart' East African coffee production systems
- 1. Building climate smart East African coffee production systems Kigali, Rwanda 24 October 2011 Henk van Rikxoort, Laurence Jassogne, Peter L辰derach, Piet van Asten
- 2. AGENDA Opportunities for East African coffee Challenges for East African coffee Classification for East African coffee 1 Yield 2 Adaptive capacity 3 Carbon footprint Institutional landscape Conclusions 2 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 3. OPPORTUNITIES FOR COFFEE Coffee constitutes a large proportion of both GDP and exports share in East African countries Coffee here is predominantly produced by smallholders AFDB (2010) ICO (2011) 3 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 4. NEED FOR ADAPTATION L辰derach et al. (2010) 4 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 5. NEED FOR MITIGATION Increasing consumer demand for products which emit fewer GHG emissions Retailers, the private sector and certification bodies start to address GHG emissions in coffee supply chains Retailers Certification bodies 5 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 6. CLASSIFICATION FOR EAST AFRICAN COFFEE Unshaded Unshaded monoculture monoculture Estates Coffee Shaded banana Smallholder farming monoculture intercrop Coffee tree system Coffee garden Wild coffee 6 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 7. YIELD 1: Arabica x banana 4000 Unshaded (Uganda) 2: Arabica x banana Shaded (Uganda) 3000 3: Robusta x banana Shaded (Uganda) yield (kg/ha) 2000 4: Arabica monocrop Unshaded (Kenya) 5: Arabica monocrop Unshaded (Uganda) 1000 6: Arabica monocrop Shaded (Uganda) 7: Robusta monocrop 0 Shaded (Uganda) 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 coffee system 7 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 8. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY Shading Intercropping 8 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 9. CARBON FOOTPRINT Carbon footprint per unit product 12 11 Sum = 9.2 10 Sum = 9.4 9 Pesticide production 8 kg CO2-e/kg-1 parchment coffee Sum = 3.7 Gas use 7 Sum = 3.9 Diesel use 6 Electricity use 5 Off-farm transport 4 Crop residue managment 3 Waste water production 2 Fertiliser induced N2O 1 Fertiliser production 0 C sequestration in trees -1 Trad-po Com-poly Shad-m ly ono Unshad-mono -2 -3 -4 9 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 10. INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE Governments Need for policies that support climate smart coffee production systems Research and extension More research attention needed for systems rather than single crops Private sector Involvement of private sector needed in addressing climate change in coffee supply chains 10 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 11. CONCLUSIONS Global trends indicate that adapting to and mitigating climate change will be key for coffee production systems to be effective in the future Coffee in East Africa is produced in different systems with different characteristics and benefits Climate smart systems use intercropping with other food crops and shading to combine adaptation and mitigation Support from governments, research institutes and the private sector is needed to promote and implement these climate smart systems in the region 11 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems
- 12. THANK YOU International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Coffee Banana Intercropping Team International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA) Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR) Plant Research International (PRI) Henk van Rikxoort E-mail: henk.vanrikxoort@wur.nl Laurence Jassogne E-mail: ljassogne@gmail.com 12 Building climate smart East African coffee production systems