Bureaucracy
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The federal bureaucracy is part of the executive branch and assists the President in carrying out laws passed by Congress. It is comprised of various agencies, departments, and employees that perform specialized functions according to established rules and procedures in a hierarchical structure. There are four main types of federal organizations: departments, independent regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations. The document goes on to define each type of federal organization.
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Chapter Nine
Executive Agencies
Barry D. Friedman
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter students will be able to:
1. Explain why the assortment of executive institutions is necessary
to administer the laws that Congress enacts.
2. Describe the various structural forms of executive institutions.
3. nderstand the various ways in which executive of cials obtain
their jobs.
4. Evaluate the relationships that the executive institutions conduct
with the president, Congress, the judiciary, and the institutions
respective clientele groups.
Abstract
Article II, Section 3, of the Constitution empowers the president to
take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed. Executing the thousands
of laws that Congress has enacted requires the work of more than one
of cial, so an enormous administrative apparatus commonly referred to
as the bureaucracy) is in place to execute the laws under the presidents
supervision. During the almost 225 years since the Constitution went
into effect, the administrative establishment has grown piecemeal, with
a wide variety of institutional forms (such as departments, multi-member
commissions, government corporations, and other types) that have been
installed for sound or arbitrary reasons. he of cials who are appointed
to serve in the Executive ranch obtain their obs in a variety of ways,
sometimes based on rewarding loyalty to the president and sometimes
based on installing the most quali ed individual. hile the president
struggles to cause his subordinates to take direction from him, he discovers
to his chagrin that bureaucratsto serve their own interests or to hold
on to their obsroutinely act, instead, to indulge members of Congress,
clientele groups, and others who are ust as adamant as the president
about their own interests that, they are convinced, ought to be served by
the administration.
Introduction
In Article II, the U. S. Constitution presents a pithy description of what
the presidents job will be. Perhaps the principal duty assigned to the
president is the one that is inherent in the job of being the chief executive.
The executive power is the power to execute the laws (or, synonymously, to
administer the laws). Thus, Article II, Section 3, states, . . . [H]e shall take
Care that the Laws be faithfully executed. . . And while the Constitution
is laconic in its discussion of the presidency, it is virtually silent about the
organizational structure that will help the president execute (administer)
the laws. Article II refers off handedly to the principal of cer in each of
the executive departments and the heads of departments. Otherwise,
the Constitution left the rst Congress to gure out how to structure the
Executive Branch and the rst president to gure out how to manage it.
In 1 , the year in which the Constitution went into effect, the rst
Congress enacted laws establishing the Department of Foreign Affairs
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Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter students will be able to:
1. Explain why the assortment of executive institutions is necessary
to administer the laws that Congress enacts.
2. Describe the various structural forms of executive institutions.
3. nderstand the various ways in which executive of cials obtain
their jobs.
4. Evaluate the relationships that the executive institutions conduct
with the president, Congress, the judiciary, and the institutions
respective clientele groups.
Abstract
Article II, Section 3, of the Constitution empowers the president to
take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed. Executing the thousands
of laws that Congress has enacted requires the work of more than one
of cial, so an enormous administrative apparatus commonly referred to
as the bureaucracy) is in place to execute the laws under the presidents
supervision. During the almost 225 years since the Constitution went
into effect, the administrative establishment has grown piecemeal, with
a wide variety of institutional forms (such as departments, multi-member
commissions, government corporations, and other types) that have been
installed for sound or arbitrary reasons. he of cials who are appointed
to serve in the Executive ranch obtain their obs in a variety of ways,
sometimes based on rewarding loyalty to the president and sometimes
based on installing the most quali ed individual. hile the president
struggles to cause his subordinates to take direction from him, he discovers
to his chagrin that bureaucratsto serve their own interests or to hold
on to their obsroutinely act, instead, to indulge members of Congress,
clientele groups, and others who are ust as adamant as the president
about their own interests that, they are convinced, ought to be served by
the administration.
Introduction
In Article II, the U. S. Constitution presents a pithy description of what
the presidents job will be. Perhaps the principal duty assigned to the
president is the one that is inherent in the job of being the chief executive.
The executive power is the power to execute the laws (or, synonymously, to
administer the laws). Thus, Article II, Section 3, states, . . . [H]e shall take
Care that the Laws be faithfully executed. . . And while the Constitution
is laconic in its discussion of the presidency, it is virtually silent about the
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Clinical Applications & Challenges.
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Essential for pharmacy, medical & life sciences students.
Provides insights into antibiotic resistance & pharmaceutical trends.
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Bureaucracy
- 1. The Federal Bureaucracy ITS PART OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
- 2. Organization of the Executive Branch President White House Staff (led by Chief of Staff) Executive Office of the President Various Offices (Management & Budget, US Trade Office, etc.) Managers, and other EB employees Presidents Personal Advisors Cabinet Secretaries Various Departments (State, Treasury, etc.)
- 3. Lets Define This oGoal of the Executive Branch: carry out Congressional laws (faithfully execute) oGoal of the Federal Bureaucracy: To assist the President at carrying out the laws o Bureaucracy: Organizational system for a large organization (school districts, universities, corporations) o simply defined as the various agencies of the federal government o Bureaucrats: the people who do the day-to-day job of governing oGovernment bureaucracy has a negative reputation why?
- 4. Heres why
- 5. Characteristics of a bureaucracy oThere is internal division of labor and specialized by function (big jobs broken into smaller ones) oEmployees are recruited and promoted based on relevant technical expertise oVarious units of the bureaucracy are arranged in a hierarchy (clear lines of authority and communications)one authority at the top oOperations are guided and constrained by established rules and procedures oEmphasis is on establishing goals efficiently and effectively (standardization)
- 6. Types of Federal Organizations 1. Departments 2. Independent Regulatory Commissions 3. Independent Agencies 4. Government Corporations You get to define each!
- 7. And now