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7-1
CHAPTER
BUSINESS-TO-
BUSINESS
MARKETING
7
7-2
L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S
Describe the ways in which business-to-
business (B2B) firms segment their markets.
List the steps in the B2B buying process.
Identify the different roles within the buying
center.
Describe the different types of organizational
cultures.
Detail different buying situations.
Business-to-Business Marketing
LO1
LO2
LO3
LO4
LO5
7-3
B2B Markets
B2B
Markets
Resellers
Institutions
Government
Manufacturers/
Service
providers
U.S.
Census
7-4
Manufacturers and Service Providers
Buy raw materials,
components or parts
Manufacture their own
goods
Gear Expo
News Clip
Car Culture/Getty Images
7-5
Resellers
Manufacturer
Reseller
Retailer
Courtesy Eastman Chemical Company
7-6
Institutions
Schools, Museums
and Religious
Organizations
Annie Reynolds/PhotoLink/Getty Images
Royalty-Free/CORBIS
Royalty-Free/CORBIS
7-7
Government
 US Government spends
$2.1 trillion procuring
goods
 State and local
governments also make
significant purchases
 Firms specialize in
selling to government
GettyImagesHishamFIbrahim/GettyImages
7-8
Check Yourself
1. What are the various B2B markets?
7-9
B2B Buying Process
Need recognition
Product specification
RFP
process
Proposal analysis and
supplier selection
Order specification
Vendor/ performance
assessment using metrics
7-10
Stage 1: Need Recognition
 Can be generated
internally or externally
 Sources for
recognizing new
needs:
 Suppliers
 Salespeople
 Competitors
TimesPhotobyToniL
Sandys/Newscom
SylvainGrandadam/TheImage
Bank/GettyImages
7-11
Stage 2: Product Specifications
 Used by Suppliers to
develop proposals
 Can be done
collaboratively with
suppliers
Royalty-Free/CORBIS
7-12
Stage 3: RFP Process
(Request for Proposal)
息Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc.
Federal Business
Opportunities Website
7-13
Step 4: Proposal Analysis, Vendor
Negotiation and Selection
 Often several vendors
are negotiating
against each other
 Considerations other
than price play a role
in final selection
Courtesy The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
7-14
Step 5: Order Specification
 Firm places the order
 The exact details of
the purchase are
specified
 All terms are detailed
including payment
Digital Vision/Getty Images
7-15
Step 6: Vendor Performance Assessment
Using Metrics
(1) Key Issues
(2) Importance
Score
(3) Vendors
Performance
(4) Importance x
Performance
(2) x (3)
Customer Service .40 5 2.0
Issue Resolution .20 4 0.8
Delivery .10 5 0.5
Quality .30 3 0.9
Total 1.00 4.2
7-16
Check Yourself
1. Identify the stages in the B2B buying process.
2. How do you perform a vendor analysis?
7-17
The Buying Center
Buying
center
Influencer
Decider
Buyer
User
Gatekeeper
Initiator
7-18
Organizational Culture
Buying
culture
Democratic
Consultative
Consensus
Autocratic
7-19
Buying Situations
Buying
situations
New
buy
Straight
rebuy
Modified
rebuy
7-20
CHECK YOURSELF
1. What factors affect the B2B buying process?
2. What are the six different buying roles?
3. What is the difference between new buy, rebuy,
and modified rebuy?

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Business-to-Business Marketing