C sharp basics
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- C# supports common data types like integers, floats, booleans, and strings for variables. Variables must be declared before use and can be initialized in the declaration. - Arrays can be declared with a size like int[] myArray = new int[5] or initialized with values like int[] myArray = {1, 2, 3}. Loops like for and while can iterate over arrays. - Conditionals like if/else and switch statements are used to make decisions like in C++. Output can be printed to the console with WriteLine and input read with ReadLine. - Classes can inherit from other classes and interfaces with syntax like class Employee : Person. Abstract classes contain abstract methods while
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- C++ is an object-oriented language that is an extension of C with additional features like classes and inheritance.
- Classes allow programmers to combine data and functions to model real-world entities. Objects are instances of classes.
- The document defines common C++ terms like keywords, identifiers, constants, and operators. It also provides examples of basic programs.
- Functions are described as modular and reusable blocks of code. Parameter passing techniques like pass-by-value and pass-by-reference are covered.
- Other concepts covered include20.1 Java working with abstraction
20.1 Java working with abstractionIntro C# Book
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The document discusses various concepts related to abstraction in software development including project architecture, code refactoring, enumerations, and the static keyword in Java. It describes how to split code into logical parts using methods and classes to improve readability, reuse code, and avoid repetition. Refactoring techniques like extracting methods and classes are presented to restructure code without changing behavior. Enumerations are covered as a way to represent numeric values from a fixed set as text. The static keyword is explained for use with classes, variables, methods, and blocks to belong to the class rather than object instances. java tutorial 2
java tutorial 2Tushar Desarda
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The document discusses various Java programming concepts including identifiers, keywords, primitive types, variables, operators, and flow control statements. It defines identifiers, keywords, the 8 primitive types including boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double. It covers variable declaration and initialization, literals, and reference types. The document also explains operators such as logical, bitwise, assignment, string concatenation, and casting operators. Finally, it provides an overview of branching and looping statements including if/else, switch, for, while, do/while and flow control statements.C sharp basics
- 1. C# Basics Muhammad Kamran Rafi [email_address]
- 2. Variables Declarations byte - 0 to 255 char - 2 bytes bool sbyte - -128 to 127 short - 2 byte int ushort - 0 to 65,535 int - 4 bytes uint - 4 bytes positive float double decimal long ulong string
- 3. Using Variables C# is Strongly Typed float x = 10.9f; double y = 15.3; y = x; // okay x = (float) y; // conversion required Variables must have Value before being used. Hence declarations usually include initialization
- 4. Simple Arrays int[] myArray1 = new int[5]; int[] myArray2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; for (int i=0;i<10; i++) Console.Write (myarray[i]); Console.WriteLine();
- 5. Looping Statements Same as C++ while (count > 0) process_list (count--); do process_list( ++count ); while (count < 10); for (int i=1; i<=10; i++) Different from C++ while ( count ) // illegal C# unless count is bool
- 6. Decision Statements if (count >= 10) { dostuff(); domorestuff(); } else ... switch (choice) { case 'Y': //must be empty case 'y': do_yes_stuff(); break; default: ... Almost Just Like C++
- 7. Simple Console Output System.Console.WriteLine System.Console.Write System.Consolue.WriteLine ("count = {0} and sum = {1}", count, sum);
- 8. Simple Console Input string inputline; char charvalue; int intvalue; Console.Write ("Enter a string: "); inputline = Console. ReadLine (); Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"",inputline); Console.Write ("Enter a character: "); charvalue = (char) Console. Read (); Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"", charvalue); Console. ReadLine (); Console.Write ("Enter an integer: "); inputline = Console.ReadLine(); intvalue = Convert.ToInt32(inputline) ; Console.WriteLine("You just entered \"{0}\"", intvalue);
- 9. Class/Interface Definitions Like Java class modifiers: abstract, static, sealed visibility: public, protected, internal, private interface name starts with I like IComparable, ISerializable const vs. readonly attributes const, predefined type, compile time evaluation, static readonly, value assigned only once (decl or construct)
- 10. Static Classes They only contain static members. They cannot be instantiated. They are sealed. They cannot contain instance Constructors
- 11. Abstract Classes An abstract class cannot be instantiated. An abstract class may contain abstract methods . It is not possible to modify an abstract class with the sealed modifier, which means that the class cannot be inherited. A non-abstract class derived from an abstract class must include actual implementations of all inherited abstract methods.
- 12. Inheritance (C++ syntax) public class Person : IComparable { } public class Employee : Person, ISerializable { }
- 13. Constructor public Person (string name, int ssn) { } public Employee(string name, int ssn, int phone) : base(name, ssn) { } public Employee(string name) : this (name, 999, 999) { }
- 14. Overriding Methods Must mark all overridable methods in the superclass with virtual public virtual int foo() Must mark all overriding methods in the subclass with override public override int foo() Use base.MethodName() to call the superclass method
- 15. Overloading operators Like C++, we can overload and redefine operators like == and +. public static bool operator== (MyClass lhs, MyClass rhs) { } public static MyClass operator+(MyClass lhs, MyClass rhs)