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Cambodia International
       Cooperation Institute.


Chapter 5:
      Cabling and Configuration
Cable  and configuration
Twist Pair Cabling
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
       ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
ខខខ
 ខខខComputer ខខខComputer ΅φαž΅φαž
             ខខខ          ខខខ
ខខ   ΅φαž΅φαž
      ខខខ     ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
              ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž   ខខខ
                           ខខ
Lan(Local Area Network)
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαžαž
  ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
LAN ΅φαž΅φαž:
     ΅φαž΅φαž
β€’ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
β€’ Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
β€’ Coaxial Cable
β€’ Fiber Optic Cable
β€’ Cable Installation Guides
β€’ Wireless LANs
β€’ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
Twist Pair Cabling ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž
                       ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ Shield
 ខខ  ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ                     ខខ
                                     ខ
Unshielded Twist Pair. Unshielded Twist
Pair(UTP) ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
           ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž Networkខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
β€’Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector
     Standard Connector ខខខ Unshield
                         ខខខ
Twist pair(UTP) ΅φαž΅φαžαž RJ45 Connectorខ
                 ΅φαž΅φαžαž
ខខខ Connector ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ខខខ           ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž Plasticខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Categories of Unshielded Twisted Pair
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž UTP
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ:
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž 2 ខខ

   Straight Through
         Cable
    Cross Cable
΅φαž΅φαž
    ខខខ Straight Through Cable

 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ HUB ខ
 ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ     Switch ខខខ
                          ខ ខ
Hub ខ Switch ខ ខ
    ខ         ខ Switch ខ Switch ខខខ
                       ខ         ខខ
΅φαž΅φαž
 ខខខ Cascade ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž Por UP Linkខ
             ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
Figure: Computer to switch
Figure: Switch to switch
Cable  and configuration
΅φαž΅φαž
             ខខខ cross
  ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ UTP/STP ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
  ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ          ΅φαž΅φαž ខ
΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž Computer ខខខ
΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž          ខខខ
Computer.
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Categories of UTP Cable
Category 1 cable(Cat1)
     also known as Cat 1, Level 1, or voice-grade
copper, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair
cabling ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
         ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
Telephone Communicatorsខ
Cable  and configuration
Category 2 cable(Cat2)
    also known as Cat 2, or Level 2, is a
grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling ខខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž                      Telephone
Communicators      and data communications.
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž       frequency     suitable   ខខខ
                                      ខខខ
transmission over Cat 2 cable is 4 MHz, ខខ
                                         ខ
ខខ bandwidth ខ
 ខខ           ខ4Mbps[1]. Cat 2 cable ខខ4
                                      ខ
pair of wires, ខ   ΅φαž΅φαžαž
                    ΅φαž΅φαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Category 3
          cable3(Cat)
    commonly known as Cat      3 or station
wire, is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) ខខ
΅φαž΅φαž designed ខខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž          ខខខdata ΅φαž΅φαžαž
                       ខខខ ខ10
Mbit/s, ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
        ខខ ខ ខខbandwidth ខ 16 MHz. ខ
                          ខ         ខ
ខខ ខខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžfamily copper cabling standards
΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ Electronic Industries
 ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខ
Alliance   ខខ
           ខ       the   Telecommunications
Industry Association.
Cable  and configuration
Cat3 ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
            ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž computer network
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
administrators in the early 1990s, but
fell out of popularity in favor of the
very similar, but higher performing,
Category 5 cable standard. Since the
early 2000s most new structured
cable installations are built with Cat
5e or Cat 6 cable.
Category 4 Cable(Cat4)
       is a description of a cable that consists of
four unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) copper wires
with a data rate of 16 Mbit/s and performance of
up to 20 MHz. It was used in token ring networks,
10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4, and is no longer common
or used in new installations. It is used in
telephone networks which can transmit voice and
data from 12 Mbit/s to 16 Mbit/s.
Cable  and configuration
Category 5 cable (Cat 5)
     is a twisted pair cable for carrying signals.
This type of cable is used in structured cabling for
computer networks such as Ethernet. It is also
used to carry other signals such as telephony and
video.
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Category 6 Cable(Cat6)
   cable, commonly referred
to as Cat 6, is a cable standard
for Gigabit Ethernet and other
network physical layers that
is backward compatible with
the ..
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial   Cable    ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
                      ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
ខខ Data Communication ) ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ខខ                      ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžTelephone ខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž           ខ
ខខខcentral Office ខខខ
 ខខ               ខខខUser ΅φαž΅φαž
                           ខខខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž          Ethernet   ខខ
                                   ខ
Local Area Networkខ
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
The connectors for coaxial cable
BNC cable connector : Sealed or fitted at the
end of the cable.
BNC T : Connects the adapter to the computer
network cable.
BNC Extension : Connects two segments of
coaxial cable to get a longer cable.
BNC connector ends : Placed at each end of the
cable network bus signals to absorb parasites.
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Fiber Optic Cable
Fiber Optic Cable ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžData
                      ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž  ΅φαž΅φαž  ខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžEMI, Crosstalk, ខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ                ខ
΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžData ខខខVideo ខខ
                   ខខ       ខ
ខខខ Voice Transmissions ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ខខ                      ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžFiber optic ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខ
 ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž             ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខខSingle Mode ខខ
 ខ ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž             ខMultiple
Mode ខ
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Fiber
         Optic


Single           Multiple
Mode              Mode
Single Mode
  Single Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
              ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž mq
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž      ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
            ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
density ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
         ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž    ខ   ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
                   ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
Sigle Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
            ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Multiple Mode

  Multiple Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
                ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž       ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
                  ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžMultiple Mode ខខ
                           ខ
ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ខ ΅φαž΅φαž
  - Step Index
Step Index

  Step Index ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
             ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ខខ ខខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ខខ ខខ
΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
     ΅φαž΅φαž: ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
ខខ
΅φαž΅φαž
  ខខខ:   ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
         ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខ ខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
Graded Index

   ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
   ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž

ខខ density
 ខ           ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ
             ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž   ខ

density ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
         ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž

΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Unguide Media
Troposphere Propagation
  ΅φαž΅φαž Troposhere ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
  ខខខ             ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ:
 ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
  - Signal ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
            ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
- Signal ខខbroadcast ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
            ខ          ΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž Tropospphere
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž                  ខខ
                             ខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž           ខខ
                             ខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž      AM     radio
530kHz ខខខ1700KHz΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
        ខខ        ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Ionospheric Propagation
   ΅φαž΅φαž Inosphere propagation ខខ
   ខខខ                         ខ
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžFrequency)      ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
                         ΅φαž΅φαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžinosphere ΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž           ΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž         ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
                    ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž,         ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
                      ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
 ខ,΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Cable  and configuration
Line of Sight Propagation
   ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžFrequency ខខខ 30kHz ខ
    ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž          ខខ       ខ
ខខ300MHz ខខ300MHz ខខខ3000MHz ខ
 ខ       ខ         ខខ         ខ3GHz
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ខខ
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž, ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž        ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
                   ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
 ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž   ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
΅φαž΅φαžαžαžTV, Radio FM ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
 ΅φαž΅φαžαž              ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
Cable  and configuration
The End

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Cable and configuration

  • 1. Cambodia International Cooperation Institute. Chapter 5: Cabling and Configuration
  • 4. ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ ខខខComputer ខខខComputer ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ខខខ ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ ខខ Lan(Local Area Network)
  • 5. ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž LAN ΅φαž΅φαž: ΅φαž΅φαž β€’ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable β€’ Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable β€’ Coaxial Cable β€’ Fiber Optic Cable β€’ Cable Installation Guides β€’ Wireless LANs β€’ Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable
  • 6. Twist Pair Cabling ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ Shield ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ខខ ខ Unshielded Twist Pair. Unshielded Twist Pair(UTP) ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž Networkខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
  • 9. β€’Unshielded Twisted Pair Connector Standard Connector ខខខ Unshield ខខខ Twist pair(UTP) ΅φαž΅φαžαž RJ45 Connectorខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ Connector ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž Plasticខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
  • 16. Categories of Unshielded Twisted Pair
  • 19. ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ Straight Through Cable ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ HUB ខ ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ Switch ខខខ ខ ខ Hub ខ Switch ខ ខ ខ ខ Switch ខ Switch ខខខ ខ ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ Cascade ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž Por UP Linkខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž
  • 23. ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ cross ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ UTP/STP ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž Computer ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ Computer.
  • 27. Category 1 cable(Cat1) also known as Cat 1, Level 1, or voice-grade copper, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž Telephone Communicatorsខ
  • 29. Category 2 cable(Cat2) also known as Cat 2, or Level 2, is a grade of unshielded twisted pair cabling ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž Telephone Communicators and data communications. ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž frequency suitable ខខខ ខខខ transmission over Cat 2 cable is 4 MHz, ខខ ខ ខខ bandwidth ខ ខខ ខ4Mbps[1]. Cat 2 cable ខខ4 ខ pair of wires, ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž
  • 31. Category 3 cable3(Cat) commonly known as Cat 3 or station wire, is an unshielded twisted pair (UTP) ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž designed ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខdata ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខខ ខ10 Mbit/s, ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ខ ខខbandwidth ខ 16 MHz. ខ ខ ខ ខខ ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžfamily copper cabling standards ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ Electronic Industries ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខ Alliance ខខ ខ the Telecommunications Industry Association.
  • 33. Cat3 ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž computer network ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž administrators in the early 1990s, but fell out of popularity in favor of the very similar, but higher performing, Category 5 cable standard. Since the early 2000s most new structured cable installations are built with Cat 5e or Cat 6 cable.
  • 34. Category 4 Cable(Cat4) is a description of a cable that consists of four unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) copper wires with a data rate of 16 Mbit/s and performance of up to 20 MHz. It was used in token ring networks, 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T4, and is no longer common or used in new installations. It is used in telephone networks which can transmit voice and data from 12 Mbit/s to 16 Mbit/s.
  • 36. Category 5 cable (Cat 5) is a twisted pair cable for carrying signals. This type of cable is used in structured cabling for computer networks such as Ethernet. It is also used to carry other signals such as telephony and video.
  • 39. Category 6 Cable(Cat6) cable, commonly referred to as Cat 6, is a cable standard for Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward compatible with the ..
  • 44. Coaxial Cable ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ Data Communication ) ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžTelephone ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ខខខcentral Office ខខខ ខខ ខខខUser ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž Ethernet ខខ ខ Local Area Networkខ
  • 48. The connectors for coaxial cable BNC cable connector : Sealed or fitted at the end of the cable. BNC T : Connects the adapter to the computer network cable. BNC Extension : Connects two segments of coaxial cable to get a longer cable. BNC connector ends : Placed at each end of the cable network bus signals to absorb parasites.
  • 53. Fiber Optic Cable ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžData ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžEMI, Crosstalk, ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžData ខខខVideo ខខ ខខ ខ ខខខ Voice Transmissions ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžFiber optic ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខខSingle Mode ខខ ខ ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខMultiple Mode ខ
  • 56. Fiber Optic Single Multiple Mode Mode
  • 57. Single Mode Single Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž mq ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž density ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž Sigle Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž
  • 61. Multiple Mode Multiple Mode ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžMultiple Mode ខខ ខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž - Step Index
  • 62. Step Index Step Index ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ខខ ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ខខ ខខ
  • 63. ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž: ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខ
  • 64. ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ: ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ
  • 65. Graded Index ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ density ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ density ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž
  • 68. Troposphere Propagation ΅φαž΅φαž Troposhere ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ: ΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ - Signal ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž
  • 69. - Signal ខខbroadcast ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž Tropospphere ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž AM radio 530kHz ខខខ1700KHz΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž
  • 73. Ionospheric Propagation ΅φαž΅φαž Inosphere propagation ខខ ខខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžFrequency) ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžinosphere ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž, ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខ,΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž
  • 77. Line of Sight Propagation ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαžFrequency ខខខ 30kHz ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž ខខ ខ ខខ300MHz ខខ300MHz ខខខ3000MHz ខ ខ ខ ខខ ខ3GHz ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ΅φαž΅φαž, ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαžαž ខខ ខ ΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž΅φαž ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžTV, Radio FM ខខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαž ΅φαž΅φαžαž ខ ΅φαž΅φαžαžαžαž

Editor's Notes

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