際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Caffeine Presentation.PPT

Download as PPT, PDF
Fabricia Gra巽a
Fabricia Gra巽a

1) Caffeine was important for facilitating the industrial revolution as it helped workers stay awake and productive on the factory floor. The widespread use of caffeinated drinks like coffee and tea also helped decrease disease among crowded city workers. 2) Caffeine is considered the drug that made the modern world possible as it provided an energy boost to keep up with the demands of the 24-hour society. 3) Moderate caffeine consumption of a couple cups of coffee or sodas per day is generally not harmful and can provide benefits like increased alertness and mood enhancement. Caffeine is a self-limiting drug and tolerance develops to prevent excessive intake.

1 of 20
Downloaded 178 times
Caffeine and its benefits in a moderate consumptionCaffeine and its benefits in a moderate consumption Fabricia Nascimento Gra巽aFabricia Nascimento Gra巽a Slurped in black coffee orSlurped in black coffee or sipped in green tea, gulpedsipped in green tea, gulped down in a soda or knocked backdown in a soda or knocked back in a headache pill.in a headache pill.
CocaCoca PlantPlant LeafLeaf
It's hardly a coincidence that coffee and tea caught on inIt's hardly a coincidence that coffee and tea caught on in Europe just as the first factories were ushering in the industrialEurope just as the first factories were ushering in the industrial revolution. The widespread use of caffeinated drinks facilitatedrevolution. The widespread use of caffeinated drinks facilitated the great transformation of human economic endeavor fromthe great transformation of human economic endeavor from the farm to the factory. Boiling water to make coffee or teathe farm to the factory. Boiling water to make coffee or tea helped decrease the incidence of disease among workers inhelped decrease the incidence of disease among workers in crowded cities. And the caffeine in their systems kept themcrowded cities. And the caffeine in their systems kept them from falling asleep over the machinery. In a sense, caffeine isfrom falling asleep over the machinery. In a sense, caffeine is the drug that made the modern world possible. And the morethe drug that made the modern world possible. And the more modern our world gets, the more we seem to need it. Withoutmodern our world gets, the more we seem to need it. Without that useful jolt of coffeeor Diet Coke or Red Bullto get usthat useful jolt of coffeeor Diet Coke or Red Bullto get us out of bed and back to work, the 24-hour society of theout of bed and back to work, the 24-hour society of the developed world couldn't exist.developed world couldn't exist. Caffeine the motor of modern society ?Caffeine the motor of modern society ?
Caffeine content inCaffeine content in BeveragesBeverages
Tea (150 ml) Black tea 40 Green tea 40 Decaffeinated black tea 4 Iced tea, ready to drink 30 Iced tea mix, unsweetened 13 Beverage Caffeine content per serving (milligrams) CaffeineCaffeine contentcontent inin TeaTea
ModerateModerate consuptionconsuption
Two mugs of coffee or a mug of coffee and aTwo mugs of coffee or a mug of coffee and a couple of Cokes during thecouple of Cokes during the dayday are all you needare all you need to get you there. Itto get you there. Its considered as a moderates considered as a moderate amount.amount. RecreationallyRecreationally, caffeine is used to provide a "boost of, caffeine is used to provide a "boost of energy" or a feeling of heightened alertness. It's often usedenergy" or a feeling of heightened alertness. It's often used to stay awake longerto stay awake longer 40 min to absorb after oral intake Desire for caffeine 12 hours to eliminate from the body Excitment readyness Energy and Adrenaline
ToleranceTolerance andand SensitivitySensitivity
The addiction ? Taste or Buzz? Half of all American adultsHalf of all American adults consume more than 300 mg ofconsume more than 300 mg of caffeine per day.caffeine per day.
Caffeinne MoleculeCaffeinne Molecule Caffeine blocks the hypnotic effect of adenosine andCaffeine blocks the hypnotic effect of adenosine and keeps us from falling asleep. Caffeine has also beenkeeps us from falling asleep. Caffeine has also been shown to enhance mood and increase alertness inshown to enhance mood and increase alertness in moderate amountsmoderate amounts. GuaranineGuaranine
Caffeine works in two ways : - it blocks the Enzyme phosphodiesterase from removing the secondary messenger cAMP, so the excitory signals from adrenaline etc. persist much longer (recall that viagra works in a similar manner) - it blocks Adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine builds up in the course of a day, and when levels are high enough, the adenosine binds to receptors that cause nerves to release inhibitory signals that lead to drowsyness and sleep. Adenosine also causes a dilation of blood vessels to the brain , presumably to provide more oxygen and nutrients to -Adenosine-Adenosine -Protein-Protein spacefillspacefill -Protein ribbons-Protein ribbons
The BonesThe Bones
Do not affect HeartDo not affect Heart
Caffeine is widely consumed throughout the world in behaviorally active doses. Most of the data suggest that caffeine, in the doses that are commonly consumed, acts primarily by blocking adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Caffeine has a unique mechanism of action among all centrally stimulating drugs. It does interact with the dopaminergic transmission, but the mechanism is very different from that of other drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. Caffeine does not markedly increase the release of dopamine, and it does not lead to any substantial increase in activation of D1 dopaminergic neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens, in contrast to the other central stimulants. Instead it increases transmission via cells equipped with dopamine D2 receptors in this nucleus as well as elsewhere in the basal ganglia. The effect of caffeine in nucleus accumbens is manifested as a decrease in activity of the cells involved, whereas the effects of cocaine and amphetamine are associated with an increased activity of the relevant cellular targets. Accordingly, the overall activity of the nucleus accumbens is much less affected by caffeine than by cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine. Furthermore, the cells activated by cocaine possess particularly dopamine D1 receptors, whereas those affected by caffeine possess D2 and adenosine A2A receptors. There is, however, very good evidence that D1 and D2 receptor-stimulating drugs interact and potentiate each other's actions. Thus, the unique molecular and cellular actions of caffeine in the brain do not a priori rule out a potential as an addictive drug, they only indicate that its stimulant effects are different from those exerted by drugs such as cocaine and Not anNot an addictiveaddictive drug!drug!
Although there is a public perceptionAlthough there is a public perception (especially in the US) that caffeine is(especially in the US) that caffeine is detrimental to one's health, this has adetrimental to one's health, this has a surprisinglysurprisingly weak basis in realityweak basis in reality.. One important aspect of caffeine use is that the margin for dose increases may be limited by the biphasic effects of the drug. Reinforcement is observed with doses even below 1mg/kg, and doses above 10to 15mg/kg are usually aversive. Similarly, doses that are behaviorally stimulant (increasing motor behavior) are below about 30mg/kg, and doses above 50mg/kg are generally depressant in these paradigms. Caffeine has important effects on alertness, and there is no doubt that caffeine is widely consumed by subjects who need to stay awake. Caffeine also has some poorly investigated analgesic actions that contribute to its use. In some contexts there are performance-enhancing actions. Tolerance develops to some caffeine effects but not to others. A complete effect reversal, by contrast, tolerance to discriminative stimulant effects, motor stimulant effects, and alerting actions develops more slowly and to a variable extent. From the above considerations it is clear that caffeine cannot really be considered a "model drug of dependence" (Holtzman, 1990). Its weak reinforcing properties are due to a unique and atypical mechanism of action. The drug is self-limiting and subjects do not gradually increase the dose, because tolerance development to both the reinforcing and aversive effects is limited. There are few negative consequences of caffeine use in moderation and the withdrawal affects are modest and transient in the individuals that experience them. Caffeine will not be designated a drug of dependence, it is different from drugs such as amphetamine, morphine, ethanol, or nicotine, it is possible that, some quantitative criteria of
Fig. 1. Effect of caffeine on different biochemical targets in relation to its levels in humans. Note that caffeine is able to significantly block adenosine effects on A2A (most potent) and A1 receptors already at the low concentrations achieved after a single cup of coffee. To inhibit cyclic nucleotide breakdown via inhibition of phosphodiesterase, 20 times higher concentrations are required; to block GABAA receptors, 40 times higher concentrations; and to mobilize intracellular calcium depots, concentrations of 100 times higher are needed. These latter levels are unlikely to be reached in humans by any form of normal use of caffeine-containing beverages (modified from Fredholm, 1980). Caffeine do not harm if it isCaffeine do not harm if it is consumed moderatelyconsumed moderately
GG uarana is found in many sodas, energyuarana is found in many sodas, energy drinks, protein bars, and natural weight-lossdrinks, protein bars, and natural weight-loss aids. It comes from the seeds of a woody vineaids. It comes from the seeds of a woody vine native to Brazil named for, the Guarani people,native to Brazil named for, the Guarani people, who process the seeds for use in food, drink,who process the seeds for use in food, drink, and medicine. Guarana containsand medicine. Guarana contains concentrations of naturally occurring caffeineconcentrations of naturally occurring caffeine higher than that found in coffee, tea, cacao,higher than that found in coffee, tea, cacao, and kola. Guarana is sometimes marketed as aand kola. Guarana is sometimes marketed as a natural alternative to caffeine, but it's caffeinenatural alternative to caffeine, but it's caffeine all the same.all the same. Caffeine !Caffeine ! Guarana contains a high amount of guaranine, a chemical substance with theGuarana contains a high amount of guaranine, a chemical substance with the same characteristics as caffeine.same characteristics as caffeine. This makes Guarana a stimulant similar to coffee:This makes Guarana a stimulant similar to coffee: quickens perceptionsquickens perceptions delays sleepdelays sleep helps with endurance based activitieshelps with endurance based activities can help to recover from a hangovercan help to recover from a hangover impairs the appetiteimpairs the appetite
Caffeine god effectsCaffeine god effects Caffeine moderated consumed Improve Social interactions Self-limiting Drug with analgesic action Is antidepressant Provide Alertness Takes Adenosines place Performance Enhancing .
Any Question or Comments?Comments? National Soft Drink Association How much caffeine is in your soda? : http://www.nsda.org/health/caffeinecontent.asp ific.org/publications/brochures/upload/Caffeine-and-Women-s-Health.pdf The International Food Information Council Foundation assesses the effects of caffeine on pregnancy, fertility, cancer, osteoporosis, and heart disease. PubMed from the National Library of Medicine www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi Search for current studies on caffeine and health. Often only abstracts are available, but they provide a good overview of the results of the studies. Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.org/search/search-results?q=caffeine Mayo Clinic staff answer food and nutrition questions, including queries about caffeine and kids, caffeine content in beverages,etc. How Caffeine Works http://science.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm Learn the origins of coffee drinking, how and where the beans are grown, and the science of caffeine. Related links:Related links:
Bibliography:Bibliography: Fredholm, Bertil, and others. "Actions of Caffeine in the Brain With Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use." Pharmacological Reviews (March 1999), 83-133. Available online at http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/51/1/83.full#SEC11_4. National Geographic http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0501/feature1/ * MacFarlane, Alan, and Iris MacFarlane. The Empire of Tea. Overlook Press, 2004. * Maughan, R. J., and J. Griffin. "Caffeine Ingestion and Fluid Balance: A Review." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (vol. 16, 2003), 411-20. * Pendergrast, Mark. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. Basic Books, 1999. * Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. Tastes of Paradise: A Social History of Spices, Stimulants, and Intoxicants. Pantheon Books, 1992. * Weinberg, Bennett Alan, and Bonnie K. Bealer. The World of Caffeine: The

More Related Content

Caffeine Presentation.PPT

  • 1. Caffeine and its benefits in a moderate consumptionCaffeine and its benefits in a moderate consumption Fabricia Nascimento Gra巽aFabricia Nascimento Gra巽a Slurped in black coffee orSlurped in black coffee or sipped in green tea, gulpedsipped in green tea, gulped down in a soda or knocked backdown in a soda or knocked back in a headache pill.in a headache pill.
  • 3. It's hardly a coincidence that coffee and tea caught on inIt's hardly a coincidence that coffee and tea caught on in Europe just as the first factories were ushering in the industrialEurope just as the first factories were ushering in the industrial revolution. The widespread use of caffeinated drinks facilitatedrevolution. The widespread use of caffeinated drinks facilitated the great transformation of human economic endeavor fromthe great transformation of human economic endeavor from the farm to the factory. Boiling water to make coffee or teathe farm to the factory. Boiling water to make coffee or tea helped decrease the incidence of disease among workers inhelped decrease the incidence of disease among workers in crowded cities. And the caffeine in their systems kept themcrowded cities. And the caffeine in their systems kept them from falling asleep over the machinery. In a sense, caffeine isfrom falling asleep over the machinery. In a sense, caffeine is the drug that made the modern world possible. And the morethe drug that made the modern world possible. And the more modern our world gets, the more we seem to need it. Withoutmodern our world gets, the more we seem to need it. Without that useful jolt of coffeeor Diet Coke or Red Bullto get usthat useful jolt of coffeeor Diet Coke or Red Bullto get us out of bed and back to work, the 24-hour society of theout of bed and back to work, the 24-hour society of the developed world couldn't exist.developed world couldn't exist. Caffeine the motor of modern society ?Caffeine the motor of modern society ?
  • 4. Caffeine content inCaffeine content in BeveragesBeverages
  • 5. Tea (150 ml) Black tea 40 Green tea 40 Decaffeinated black tea 4 Iced tea, ready to drink 30 Iced tea mix, unsweetened 13 Beverage Caffeine content per serving (milligrams) CaffeineCaffeine contentcontent inin TeaTea
  • 7. Two mugs of coffee or a mug of coffee and aTwo mugs of coffee or a mug of coffee and a couple of Cokes during thecouple of Cokes during the dayday are all you needare all you need to get you there. Itto get you there. Its considered as a moderates considered as a moderate amount.amount. RecreationallyRecreationally, caffeine is used to provide a "boost of, caffeine is used to provide a "boost of energy" or a feeling of heightened alertness. It's often usedenergy" or a feeling of heightened alertness. It's often used to stay awake longerto stay awake longer 40 min to absorb after oral intake Desire for caffeine 12 hours to eliminate from the body Excitment readyness Energy and Adrenaline
  • 9. The addiction ? Taste or Buzz? Half of all American adultsHalf of all American adults consume more than 300 mg ofconsume more than 300 mg of caffeine per day.caffeine per day.
  • 10. Caffeinne MoleculeCaffeinne Molecule Caffeine blocks the hypnotic effect of adenosine andCaffeine blocks the hypnotic effect of adenosine and keeps us from falling asleep. Caffeine has also beenkeeps us from falling asleep. Caffeine has also been shown to enhance mood and increase alertness inshown to enhance mood and increase alertness in moderate amountsmoderate amounts. GuaranineGuaranine
  • 11. Caffeine works in two ways : - it blocks the Enzyme phosphodiesterase from removing the secondary messenger cAMP, so the excitory signals from adrenaline etc. persist much longer (recall that viagra works in a similar manner) - it blocks Adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine builds up in the course of a day, and when levels are high enough, the adenosine binds to receptors that cause nerves to release inhibitory signals that lead to drowsyness and sleep. Adenosine also causes a dilation of blood vessels to the brain , presumably to provide more oxygen and nutrients to -Adenosine-Adenosine -Protein-Protein spacefillspacefill -Protein ribbons-Protein ribbons
  • 13. Do not affect HeartDo not affect Heart
  • 14. Caffeine is widely consumed throughout the world in behaviorally active doses. Most of the data suggest that caffeine, in the doses that are commonly consumed, acts primarily by blocking adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Caffeine has a unique mechanism of action among all centrally stimulating drugs. It does interact with the dopaminergic transmission, but the mechanism is very different from that of other drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. Caffeine does not markedly increase the release of dopamine, and it does not lead to any substantial increase in activation of D1 dopaminergic neurotransmission in nucleus accumbens, in contrast to the other central stimulants. Instead it increases transmission via cells equipped with dopamine D2 receptors in this nucleus as well as elsewhere in the basal ganglia. The effect of caffeine in nucleus accumbens is manifested as a decrease in activity of the cells involved, whereas the effects of cocaine and amphetamine are associated with an increased activity of the relevant cellular targets. Accordingly, the overall activity of the nucleus accumbens is much less affected by caffeine than by cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamine. Furthermore, the cells activated by cocaine possess particularly dopamine D1 receptors, whereas those affected by caffeine possess D2 and adenosine A2A receptors. There is, however, very good evidence that D1 and D2 receptor-stimulating drugs interact and potentiate each other's actions. Thus, the unique molecular and cellular actions of caffeine in the brain do not a priori rule out a potential as an addictive drug, they only indicate that its stimulant effects are different from those exerted by drugs such as cocaine and Not anNot an addictiveaddictive drug!drug!
  • 15. Although there is a public perceptionAlthough there is a public perception (especially in the US) that caffeine is(especially in the US) that caffeine is detrimental to one's health, this has adetrimental to one's health, this has a surprisinglysurprisingly weak basis in realityweak basis in reality.. One important aspect of caffeine use is that the margin for dose increases may be limited by the biphasic effects of the drug. Reinforcement is observed with doses even below 1mg/kg, and doses above 10to 15mg/kg are usually aversive. Similarly, doses that are behaviorally stimulant (increasing motor behavior) are below about 30mg/kg, and doses above 50mg/kg are generally depressant in these paradigms. Caffeine has important effects on alertness, and there is no doubt that caffeine is widely consumed by subjects who need to stay awake. Caffeine also has some poorly investigated analgesic actions that contribute to its use. In some contexts there are performance-enhancing actions. Tolerance develops to some caffeine effects but not to others. A complete effect reversal, by contrast, tolerance to discriminative stimulant effects, motor stimulant effects, and alerting actions develops more slowly and to a variable extent. From the above considerations it is clear that caffeine cannot really be considered a "model drug of dependence" (Holtzman, 1990). Its weak reinforcing properties are due to a unique and atypical mechanism of action. The drug is self-limiting and subjects do not gradually increase the dose, because tolerance development to both the reinforcing and aversive effects is limited. There are few negative consequences of caffeine use in moderation and the withdrawal affects are modest and transient in the individuals that experience them. Caffeine will not be designated a drug of dependence, it is different from drugs such as amphetamine, morphine, ethanol, or nicotine, it is possible that, some quantitative criteria of
  • 16. Fig. 1. Effect of caffeine on different biochemical targets in relation to its levels in humans. Note that caffeine is able to significantly block adenosine effects on A2A (most potent) and A1 receptors already at the low concentrations achieved after a single cup of coffee. To inhibit cyclic nucleotide breakdown via inhibition of phosphodiesterase, 20 times higher concentrations are required; to block GABAA receptors, 40 times higher concentrations; and to mobilize intracellular calcium depots, concentrations of 100 times higher are needed. These latter levels are unlikely to be reached in humans by any form of normal use of caffeine-containing beverages (modified from Fredholm, 1980). Caffeine do not harm if it isCaffeine do not harm if it is consumed moderatelyconsumed moderately
  • 17. GG uarana is found in many sodas, energyuarana is found in many sodas, energy drinks, protein bars, and natural weight-lossdrinks, protein bars, and natural weight-loss aids. It comes from the seeds of a woody vineaids. It comes from the seeds of a woody vine native to Brazil named for, the Guarani people,native to Brazil named for, the Guarani people, who process the seeds for use in food, drink,who process the seeds for use in food, drink, and medicine. Guarana containsand medicine. Guarana contains concentrations of naturally occurring caffeineconcentrations of naturally occurring caffeine higher than that found in coffee, tea, cacao,higher than that found in coffee, tea, cacao, and kola. Guarana is sometimes marketed as aand kola. Guarana is sometimes marketed as a natural alternative to caffeine, but it's caffeinenatural alternative to caffeine, but it's caffeine all the same.all the same. Caffeine !Caffeine ! Guarana contains a high amount of guaranine, a chemical substance with theGuarana contains a high amount of guaranine, a chemical substance with the same characteristics as caffeine.same characteristics as caffeine. This makes Guarana a stimulant similar to coffee:This makes Guarana a stimulant similar to coffee: quickens perceptionsquickens perceptions delays sleepdelays sleep helps with endurance based activitieshelps with endurance based activities can help to recover from a hangovercan help to recover from a hangover impairs the appetiteimpairs the appetite
  • 18. Caffeine god effectsCaffeine god effects Caffeine moderated consumed Improve Social interactions Self-limiting Drug with analgesic action Is antidepressant Provide Alertness Takes Adenosines place Performance Enhancing .
  • 19. Any Question or Comments?Comments? National Soft Drink Association How much caffeine is in your soda? : http://www.nsda.org/health/caffeinecontent.asp ific.org/publications/brochures/upload/Caffeine-and-Women-s-Health.pdf The International Food Information Council Foundation assesses the effects of caffeine on pregnancy, fertility, cancer, osteoporosis, and heart disease. PubMed from the National Library of Medicine www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi Search for current studies on caffeine and health. Often only abstracts are available, but they provide a good overview of the results of the studies. Mayo Clinic http://www.mayoclinic.org/search/search-results?q=caffeine Mayo Clinic staff answer food and nutrition questions, including queries about caffeine and kids, caffeine content in beverages,etc. How Caffeine Works http://science.howstuffworks.com/caffeine.htm Learn the origins of coffee drinking, how and where the beans are grown, and the science of caffeine. Related links:Related links:
  • 20. Bibliography:Bibliography: Fredholm, Bertil, and others. "Actions of Caffeine in the Brain With Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use." Pharmacological Reviews (March 1999), 83-133. Available online at http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/51/1/83.full#SEC11_4. National Geographic http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0501/feature1/ * MacFarlane, Alan, and Iris MacFarlane. The Empire of Tea. Overlook Press, 2004. * Maughan, R. J., and J. Griffin. "Caffeine Ingestion and Fluid Balance: A Review." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics (vol. 16, 2003), 411-20. * Pendergrast, Mark. Uncommon Grounds: The History of Coffee and How It Transformed Our World. Basic Books, 1999. * Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. Tastes of Paradise: A Social History of Spices, Stimulants, and Intoxicants. Pantheon Books, 1992. * Weinberg, Bennett Alan, and Bonnie K. Bealer. The World of Caffeine: The