Dimensional Analysis for medication calculation animated movieRA
油
A patient weighing 55 kg is to receive a nipride infusion at 10 mL per hour from a solution containing 100 mg of nipride in 250 mL of normal saline. To calculate the micrograms of nipride per kilogram per minute, the infusion rate is converted to milligrams per hour and then adjusted based on the patient's weight. The result is that the patient will receive 1.2 micrograms of nipride per kilogram per minute.
This document discusses the 10 rights of medication administration and provides information on converting between different units of measurement for drugs. It also describes different types of infusion devices and methods for calculating drug dosages and flow rates for continuous intravenous infusions administered either manually via drop factor or with an electronic infusion pump. The document emphasizes the importance of accurately calculating drug dosages and administration rates.
The document discusses how to calculate drip rates and dosages for intravenous medications and drips. It provides examples of calculating drip rates in gtts/min for different sized IV sets. It also shows how to use the "clock method" to determine the cc/hr rate to administer specific dosages of lidocaine and dopamine based on the patient's weight and desired dose in mcg/kg/min.
The document discusses the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters which are used to quantitatively analyze the processes of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination in the body over time. It describes various pharmacokinetic models including non-compartmental and compartmental models as well as how parameters like volume of distribution, clearance, half-life and area under the curve are defined and measured. The models are used to predict the concentration of drugs in the body over time based on the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion.
CREAMS MS.WAJIHA IFFAT
OBJECTIVES:
After the end of this topic, the student will be able to :
-->Define creams
-->Classify creams
--->Method of preparation
--->prepare a cream from first principles
incorporate solids and liquids into a cream base
This document discusses different types of liquid dosage forms including solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and colloids. It defines each type and provides examples. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures where one substance is dissolved in another. Factors that affect solubility include temperature, nature of the solute and solvent, and pH. The document focuses on solutions, classifying them based on route of administration, composition, vehicle, and concentration. It also discusses saturated, unsaturated, and solubility of solutions.
This document provides instructions for calculating drip rates for various intravenous medications commonly used in critical care, including dopamine, dobutamine, lidocaine, pronestyl, neosynephrine, cardizem, cardene, amiodorone, levophed, and nitroglycerine. For each medication, the standard concentration is provided along with the formula to calculate drip rates based on the rate in mcg/kg/min or mg/min ordered and the patient's weight. Examples are given to demonstrate how to calculate the volume needed to achieve a given drip rate and how to determine the drip rate that a given volume will provide.
This document discusses topical dosage forms such as ointments and creams. Ointments are semi-solid preparations that are greasy and viscous with an oil concentration of 80%. Creams are also semi-solid emulsions but have approximately equal proportions of oil and water, making them less greasy than ointments. The document outlines the key characteristics, components and differences between ointments and creams.
This document provides information on drug dosage calculation including objectives, types of medications, calculation methods, measurement systems, and terminology. It describes ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods. Measurement systems including metric, apothecary, and household are defined. Key terms like concentration, flow rate, and drop factor are explained. The document also covers titrating medications, oxytocin dosing recommendations, and barriers to accurate calculations.
This document discusses sustained release formulations. It defines sustained release as slowly releasing a drug substance from a dosage form over an extended period of time, usually 8-12 hours, to maintain a therapeutic effect. The goals of sustained release formulations are to obtain zero-order drug release, improve patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency, decrease side effects, improve drug utilization, and provide more efficient treatment. The document then discusses techniques for developing sustained release formulations, challenges, and factors to consider like drug properties and the target site of delivery.
This document discusses various types of liquid dosage forms including pharmaceutical solutions, galenicals, decoctions, infusions, percolations, douches, enemas, gargles, washes, juices, sprays, sweeteners, honey, mucilage, jellies, and non-aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutical solutions are homogenous mixtures that can be aqueous or non-aqueous depending on the solubility of the drug. Various extraction and preparation methods are covered for obtaining active ingredients from plants into liquid forms. The uses and formulations of different oral and topical liquid medications are also outlined.
The document contains multiple word problems involving calculating drug dosages from prescription instructions and available drug concentrations. It provides the calculations to determine the amount of drug in milligrams, the number of doses or tablets, and the volume in milliliters needed to fulfill the prescribed dosages over set time periods.
The document discusses various alternative dispute resolution (ADR) tools for resolving conflicts without relying on third parties like judges. It describes common ADR tools like mediation, mini-trials, summary jury trials, and arbitration. These tools typically involve a third party to help facilitate negotiations between disputing parties. The document advises readers to identify their goals and obstacles to select the right ADR tool, noting that different tools have varying costs, speeds, abilities to preserve relationships, and other factors. It emphasizes solving problems through interest-based negotiation and effective communication to avoid needing third parties to decide outcomes.
Naranjo
WHO-UMC
Bayesian:
Bayesian
Expert Opinion:
CIOMS
Most commonly used:
Naranjo
WHO-UMC
Naranjo Causality Assessment Scale
Criteria Score
1. Previous conclusive reports on this reaction 0
1. Previous conclusive reports on this reaction +1
2. The adverse event appeared after the suspected drug was administered. +2
3. The adverse reaction improved when the drug was discontinued or a specific antagonist was administered. +1
4. The adverse reaction reappeared when the drug was readministered. +2
5. Alternative causes that could solely have
The document provides an introduction to dosage form design. It discusses key principles such as how drugs are formulated using excipients to create various dosage forms like solutions, suspensions, and tablets. It also covers important considerations for dosage form design like routes of administration, drug properties, factors that influence absorption, and therapeutic factors. The goals of dosage design are to deliver drugs in a suitable form for the administration route and provide desired release properties and stability.
This document provides an introduction to capsules and innovations in capsule dosage forms. It discusses the definition of capsules and the main types, which are hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. The document then covers innovations in capsule shells, including non-animal capsules made of materials like HPMC, pullulan, PVA, and starch. It also discusses innovations in capsule systems aimed at modified drug release. The manufacturing process and important specifications of gelatin and capsules are described. Evaluation tests for capsules like stability, uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution testing are also summarized.
This document provides information and instructions on drug calculation rules and methods for nurses. It includes:
1) Common unit conversion formulas for measurements like milliliters, grams, ounces, and pounds.
2) Formulas and methods for calculating intravenous drip rates and drug infusion rates based on amount to infuse, concentration, and time.
3) A method for calculating drug doses based on micrograms per kilogram of body weight, drug concentration, and time.
4) Examples of practice questions and step-by-step workings to calculate the number of capsules, amount of drug, or volume to administer based on the dose ordered and drug availability. The document emphasizes checking calculations for accuracy.
Medication Administration and Calculation for Nurses Returning to PracticeIHNA Australia
油
This presentation outlines the responsibility and role of nurses in administrating medication and calculation of medication in Australia. This presentation was compiled by Gulzar Malik, an experienced and qualified Nursing Educator at IHNA. For more information about IHNA's return to nursing programs, please call 1800 22 52 83.
This document discusses sustained release dosage forms. It defines sustained release as dosage forms that continuously release medication over an extended period after a single dose. The objectives of sustained release are temporal and spatial drug delivery to control the rate and target the site of delivery. Some advantages are reduced fluctuations in drug levels and improved patient compliance. Disadvantages include poor in vitro-in vivo correlation and possibility of dose dumping. The document describes various sustained release systems including diffusion, dissolution, and ion exchange systems. It provides details on formulation and delivery considerations for oral and injectable sustained release dosage forms.
The document discusses types of medication errors and strategies to reduce errors. It defines medication error and outlines types including prescribing, dispensing, and administration errors. Examples of errors involving look-alike drugs and illegible handwriting are provided. The document also describes two error reduction strategies: using tall man lettering to distinguish similar drug names and issuing medication error alerts when errors occur.
This document discusses three systems of measurement used in dosage calculations: the metric, apothecary, and household systems. It provides details on the basic units of each system for weight, volume, and linear measurement. It also describes how to convert between units within and between these systems using formulas, ratios, and approximate equivalents. Key points covered include calculating pediatric dosages using methods like Clark's rule based on weight and Fried's rule for infants. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate dosage calculations for patient safety.
This document discusses various methods for calculating drug doses, including definitions of dose-related terms and factors considered in dose determination such as age, weight, body surface area, organ function, and condition being treated. Equations are provided for calculating the size of a dose, number of doses, or total quantity based on one given value. Examples demonstrate dose calculations for specific patients based on weight, body surface area, and dosing tables. Nomograms are also described as a tool for determining body surface area.
The document discusses infusion pumps, including their uses, types, and common issues. It describes two basic types - syringe pumps and volumetric pumps - and some of their key features. It also outlines several issues that can go wrong with infusion pumps, such as medication errors, free flow of fluids, occlusion alarms, air-in-line problems, and tampering. Training is emphasized as crucial to the safe use of infusion pumps.
This document discusses adverse drug reactions, including definitions, classifications, monitoring, documentation, and reporting. It defines an adverse drug reaction as an unintended response to a drug that occurs at normal doses. Adverse events are classified as serious if they result in death, hospitalization, disability, or required intervention. Adverse reactions are categorized as Type A or Type B. Monitoring involves identifying reactions, assessing causality using methods like the Naranjo algorithm, documenting in forms, and reporting serious reactions to authorities.
Medication errors are a significant problem in healthcare that can harm patients. They occur commonly at various stages of the medication process including prescribing, transcribing, preparing, dispensing, and administering medications. Several studies over decades have found high rates of medication errors and preventable adverse drug events in hospitals. James Reason developed a widely used model for classifying errors as either active failures by frontline staff or latent failures due to upstream organizational or management issues. Understanding the causes of errors through models like Reason's can help pharmacists and other healthcare providers develop effective strategies to improve medication safety.
This document provides information on drug dosage calculation including objectives, types of medications, calculation methods, measurement systems, and terminology. It describes ratio and proportion, formula, and dimensional analysis methods. Measurement systems including metric, apothecary, and household are defined. Key terms like concentration, flow rate, and drop factor are explained. The document also covers titrating medications, oxytocin dosing recommendations, and barriers to accurate calculations.
This document discusses sustained release formulations. It defines sustained release as slowly releasing a drug substance from a dosage form over an extended period of time, usually 8-12 hours, to maintain a therapeutic effect. The goals of sustained release formulations are to obtain zero-order drug release, improve patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency, decrease side effects, improve drug utilization, and provide more efficient treatment. The document then discusses techniques for developing sustained release formulations, challenges, and factors to consider like drug properties and the target site of delivery.
This document discusses various types of liquid dosage forms including pharmaceutical solutions, galenicals, decoctions, infusions, percolations, douches, enemas, gargles, washes, juices, sprays, sweeteners, honey, mucilage, jellies, and non-aqueous solutions. Pharmaceutical solutions are homogenous mixtures that can be aqueous or non-aqueous depending on the solubility of the drug. Various extraction and preparation methods are covered for obtaining active ingredients from plants into liquid forms. The uses and formulations of different oral and topical liquid medications are also outlined.
The document contains multiple word problems involving calculating drug dosages from prescription instructions and available drug concentrations. It provides the calculations to determine the amount of drug in milligrams, the number of doses or tablets, and the volume in milliliters needed to fulfill the prescribed dosages over set time periods.
The document discusses various alternative dispute resolution (ADR) tools for resolving conflicts without relying on third parties like judges. It describes common ADR tools like mediation, mini-trials, summary jury trials, and arbitration. These tools typically involve a third party to help facilitate negotiations between disputing parties. The document advises readers to identify their goals and obstacles to select the right ADR tool, noting that different tools have varying costs, speeds, abilities to preserve relationships, and other factors. It emphasizes solving problems through interest-based negotiation and effective communication to avoid needing third parties to decide outcomes.
Naranjo
WHO-UMC
Bayesian:
Bayesian
Expert Opinion:
CIOMS
Most commonly used:
Naranjo
WHO-UMC
Naranjo Causality Assessment Scale
Criteria Score
1. Previous conclusive reports on this reaction 0
1. Previous conclusive reports on this reaction +1
2. The adverse event appeared after the suspected drug was administered. +2
3. The adverse reaction improved when the drug was discontinued or a specific antagonist was administered. +1
4. The adverse reaction reappeared when the drug was readministered. +2
5. Alternative causes that could solely have
The document provides an introduction to dosage form design. It discusses key principles such as how drugs are formulated using excipients to create various dosage forms like solutions, suspensions, and tablets. It also covers important considerations for dosage form design like routes of administration, drug properties, factors that influence absorption, and therapeutic factors. The goals of dosage design are to deliver drugs in a suitable form for the administration route and provide desired release properties and stability.
This document provides an introduction to capsules and innovations in capsule dosage forms. It discusses the definition of capsules and the main types, which are hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules. The document then covers innovations in capsule shells, including non-animal capsules made of materials like HPMC, pullulan, PVA, and starch. It also discusses innovations in capsule systems aimed at modified drug release. The manufacturing process and important specifications of gelatin and capsules are described. Evaluation tests for capsules like stability, uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution testing are also summarized.
This document provides information and instructions on drug calculation rules and methods for nurses. It includes:
1) Common unit conversion formulas for measurements like milliliters, grams, ounces, and pounds.
2) Formulas and methods for calculating intravenous drip rates and drug infusion rates based on amount to infuse, concentration, and time.
3) A method for calculating drug doses based on micrograms per kilogram of body weight, drug concentration, and time.
4) Examples of practice questions and step-by-step workings to calculate the number of capsules, amount of drug, or volume to administer based on the dose ordered and drug availability. The document emphasizes checking calculations for accuracy.
Medication Administration and Calculation for Nurses Returning to PracticeIHNA Australia
油
This presentation outlines the responsibility and role of nurses in administrating medication and calculation of medication in Australia. This presentation was compiled by Gulzar Malik, an experienced and qualified Nursing Educator at IHNA. For more information about IHNA's return to nursing programs, please call 1800 22 52 83.
This document discusses sustained release dosage forms. It defines sustained release as dosage forms that continuously release medication over an extended period after a single dose. The objectives of sustained release are temporal and spatial drug delivery to control the rate and target the site of delivery. Some advantages are reduced fluctuations in drug levels and improved patient compliance. Disadvantages include poor in vitro-in vivo correlation and possibility of dose dumping. The document describes various sustained release systems including diffusion, dissolution, and ion exchange systems. It provides details on formulation and delivery considerations for oral and injectable sustained release dosage forms.
The document discusses types of medication errors and strategies to reduce errors. It defines medication error and outlines types including prescribing, dispensing, and administration errors. Examples of errors involving look-alike drugs and illegible handwriting are provided. The document also describes two error reduction strategies: using tall man lettering to distinguish similar drug names and issuing medication error alerts when errors occur.
This document discusses three systems of measurement used in dosage calculations: the metric, apothecary, and household systems. It provides details on the basic units of each system for weight, volume, and linear measurement. It also describes how to convert between units within and between these systems using formulas, ratios, and approximate equivalents. Key points covered include calculating pediatric dosages using methods like Clark's rule based on weight and Fried's rule for infants. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate dosage calculations for patient safety.
This document discusses various methods for calculating drug doses, including definitions of dose-related terms and factors considered in dose determination such as age, weight, body surface area, organ function, and condition being treated. Equations are provided for calculating the size of a dose, number of doses, or total quantity based on one given value. Examples demonstrate dose calculations for specific patients based on weight, body surface area, and dosing tables. Nomograms are also described as a tool for determining body surface area.
The document discusses infusion pumps, including their uses, types, and common issues. It describes two basic types - syringe pumps and volumetric pumps - and some of their key features. It also outlines several issues that can go wrong with infusion pumps, such as medication errors, free flow of fluids, occlusion alarms, air-in-line problems, and tampering. Training is emphasized as crucial to the safe use of infusion pumps.
This document discusses adverse drug reactions, including definitions, classifications, monitoring, documentation, and reporting. It defines an adverse drug reaction as an unintended response to a drug that occurs at normal doses. Adverse events are classified as serious if they result in death, hospitalization, disability, or required intervention. Adverse reactions are categorized as Type A or Type B. Monitoring involves identifying reactions, assessing causality using methods like the Naranjo algorithm, documenting in forms, and reporting serious reactions to authorities.
Medication errors are a significant problem in healthcare that can harm patients. They occur commonly at various stages of the medication process including prescribing, transcribing, preparing, dispensing, and administering medications. Several studies over decades have found high rates of medication errors and preventable adverse drug events in hospitals. James Reason developed a widely used model for classifying errors as either active failures by frontline staff or latent failures due to upstream organizational or management issues. Understanding the causes of errors through models like Reason's can help pharmacists and other healthcare providers develop effective strategies to improve medication safety.
Presentaci坦 que va acompanyar la demostraci坦 prctica de metge d'Innovaci坦 Jos辿 Ferrer sobre el projecte Benestar de BSA, nom d'IDIAP Pere Gol, el 5 de mar巽 de 2025 a l'estand de XarSMART al Mobible Word Congress.
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & ApplicationsKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of optimization in pharmaceutical formulations. It explains the concept of optimization, different types of optimization problems (constrained and unconstrained), and the mathematical principles behind formulation development. Key topics include:
Methods for optimization (Sequential Simplex Method, Classical Mathematical Methods)
Statistical analysis in optimization (Mean, Standard Deviation, Regression, Hypothesis Testing)
Factorial Design & Quality by Design (QbD) for process improvement
Applications of optimization in drug formulation
This resource is beneficial for pharmaceutical scientists, R&D professionals, regulatory experts, and students looking to understand pharmaceutical process optimization and quality by design approaches.
Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology
At Macafem, we provide 100% natural support for women navigating menopause. For over 20 years, we've helped women manage symptoms, and in 2024, we're proud to share their heartfelt experiences.
Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring for NeurosurgeonsDhaval Shukla
油
This presentation delves into the latest advancements in non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring techniques, specifically tailored for neurosurgeons. It covers the importance of ICP monitoring in clinical practice, explores various non-invasive methods, and discusses their accuracy, reliability, and clinical applications. Attendees will gain insights into the benefits of non-invasive approaches over traditional invasive methods, including reduced risk of complications and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive overview is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of neurosurgeons in managing patients with neurological conditions.
Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this presentation is to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.
Cardiac Arrhythmia definition, classification, normal sinus rhythm, characteristics , types and management with medical ,surgical & nursing, health education and nursing diagnosis for paramedical students.
1. Explain the physiological control of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
2. Describe the humoral and autoregulatory feedback mechanisms that mediate the autoregulation of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate