California World Ocean: Shoreline Armoring and the Ocean Economy
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This document discusses the economic impact of California's beaches and the issue of shoreline armoring. It notes that California's beach economy generates $14 billion annually and that beach loss would result in $8.3 billion in economic impacts. Shoreline armoring is widespread but only partially mitigates lost beach sand and does not account for lost recreation values or ecosystem impacts. The recommendations include standardizing the approach to valuing lost recreation, accounting for climate change, developing an ecosystem services valuation model, and researching alternatives to armoring such as managed retreat.
California World Ocean: Shoreline Armoring and the Ocean Economy
- 1. THE IMPACT OF SHORELINE ARMORING ON CALIFORNIAS OCEAN ECONOMYCHAD NELSENSURFRIDER FOUNDATIONCALIFORNIA AND THE WORLD OCEANSEPTEMBER 2010
- 2. CA TOURISM & RECREATION(Kildow & Colgan 2005)
- 3. THE CA BEACH ECONOMYUSE13.1 Million Californians visited beaches (Leeworthy 2001)150 million beach visits (Pendleton & Kildow 2006)ECONOMICS$14 Billion in direct revenues (King, 1999)~$8 Billion in non-market value (Pendleton & Kildow 2006)Beach loss: $8.3 billion (King & Symes 2003)
- 4. CA COASTAL EROSION(Griggs 2005)
- 5. SHORELINE ARMORINGVentura, LA, Orange & San Diego CountyStatewide(Griggs 2005)
- 7. CA COASTAL ACT Section 30225Shoreline armoring shall be permitted when required to protectexisting structures in danger from erosion
- 8. CA COASTAL ACT: MITIGATIONand when designed to eliminate or mitigate adverse impacts on local shoreline sand supply.
- 10. CCC APPROACHES TO MIGITATIONSAND (Engineering question)CCC Procedural Guidance DocumentLOST RECREATION (Economics question)2004: Ocean Harbor House: Acreage Approach2005: Las Brisas: Amenity Approach2009: Neptune: Replacement Approach2010: City of Solana Beach: Site Specific StudyBEACH ECOSYSTEMS (Ecosystem services question)Not included
- 11. CONCLUSIONSBeaches: important to CA Ocean EconomyCCA continues to allow shoreline armoringMitigation for beach loss is incompleteMitigation program needs improvementAlternatives to armoring are essential
- 12. RECOMMENDATIONSStandardize Recreational Value ApproachDay use value Climate change Procedural Guidance DocumentDevelop ecosystem services modelResearch on beach ecosystem service valuesSeek alternative to armoring: Managed Retreat
- 13. QUESTIONSWhat does mitigation of adverse impacts mean? Where does the money go?Will it be enough?What does the future look like with a robust mitigation program?Are there better alternatives? What are they?
- 14. CHAD NELSENemail: cnelsen@surfrider.orgtwitter: chadenelsenblog: surfeconomics.blogspot.com
Editor's Notes
- 13.1 million Californians in 1999-2000150 million beach visits 2000
- Thirty-three percent of the coastlines of Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties have now been armored.