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This document discusses cancer, its increasing burden worldwide, and major causes and prevention strategies. It notes that 80-90% of cancers are caused by environmental and lifestyle factors like tobacco, alcohol, and diet. In India, the most common cancers in males are of the mouth, esophagus, stomach and lungs, while in females they are of the cervix, breast, mouth and esophagus. Prevention strategies include avoiding tobacco, alcohol and exposures to chemicals/pollution, as well as promoting early detection by recognizing danger signs of cancer like lumps or changes in moles.

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CANCER PRESENTED BY : MRS.RAMYA.V, TUTOR.
cancer
INTRODUCTION Chronic diseases such as cancer as well as other non-communicable diseases are fact replacing communicable diseases. The burden of cancer is increasing world wide. It is seen that 80-90% of human cancers are attributable to environmental and life style factors such as tobacco, alcohol & dietary habits.
INTRODUCTION In the year 2000, 10 million new cases of cancer occurred and over 6 million people died from cancers. Out of 10 million, 5.3 million were men & 4.7 million were women. The absolute number of new cases of cancer is on rise due to increased size of population and increase in proportion of elderly persons.
incidence From the population based registries, in India, 28-30 million population from different parts of the country, the age adjusted incidence varies from 44 to 122 per 100,000 population in males and 52 to 128 per 100,000 females. Cancer incidence was higher in females as compared to males & in rural it was low as compared to urban. It is estimated that every year, one million new cases are detected. It is under-reported due to poor recording of cause of death.
CANCER In India, among males, the cancer of mouth/oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach and lower respiratory tract such as trachea/bronchus/lungs is common while in females, the cancer of cervix, breast, mouth & oesophagus are most frequent. The studies have shown close relationship between the cancer of cervix in women with poor genital hygiene, early cosummation of marriage, multiple partners & multiple pregnancies.
BREAST CANCER The breast cancer is associated with late marriage, birth of 1 child at a later age, fewer children, shorter period of breast feeding. These practices are present among urban women. So breast cancer is more in urban women as compared to rural.
Causes of cancer Smoking Chewing of Tobacco Alcohol intake Diet - such as high fat intake Radiations
Causes of cancer Exposure to chemicals such as benzene, arsenic, asbestos, vinyl chloride. Hepatitis A &C virus - hepatocellular carcinoma Air, water pollution & pesticides. Genetic factors.
Prevention and Control Identification of persons having danger signs of cancer : The individuals having any of the following danger, signifies cancer. These are : A change in a wart of mole A lump or hard area in the breast A persistent cough or hoarseness.
Prevention and Control A persistent change in digestive & bowel habits. Blood loss from any natural orifice of body. Excessive loss of blood at monthly period or loss of blood outside the usual dates. A sore or swelling that does not heal. Unexplained weight loss.
Prompt treatment Early detection & prompt treatment of warts, adenoma etc. are required to prevent further complications. Avoid intake of tobacco and alcohol. Maintain personal hygiene especially to prevent cervical cancer. Avoid exposure to radiations & industrial carcinogens. Control air pollution.
Prompt treatment Legislation to control the use of tobacco, alcohol and pollution of air. Health education on preventive aspects, identification of risk factors & about the control. Surveying to know the number of cases of cancer. Evaluation & monitoring.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Neelam Kumari A Textbook of Community Health Nursing - I ,2011 Edition , Published by Pee Vee ( Regd .), Page reffered to 586- 587. /sriloy/cancerppt-14574316 /harshrastogi1/cancer-in- community-health-nursing-ppt /NAMDEOSHINDE15/cancer- ppt
CANCER.pptx

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CANCER.pptx

  • 3. INTRODUCTION Chronic diseases such as cancer as well as other non-communicable diseases are fact replacing communicable diseases. The burden of cancer is increasing world wide. It is seen that 80-90% of human cancers are attributable to environmental and life style factors such as tobacco, alcohol & dietary habits.
  • 4. INTRODUCTION In the year 2000, 10 million new cases of cancer occurred and over 6 million people died from cancers. Out of 10 million, 5.3 million were men & 4.7 million were women. The absolute number of new cases of cancer is on rise due to increased size of population and increase in proportion of elderly persons.
  • 5. incidence From the population based registries, in India, 28-30 million population from different parts of the country, the age adjusted incidence varies from 44 to 122 per 100,000 population in males and 52 to 128 per 100,000 females. Cancer incidence was higher in females as compared to males & in rural it was low as compared to urban. It is estimated that every year, one million new cases are detected. It is under-reported due to poor recording of cause of death.
  • 6. CANCER In India, among males, the cancer of mouth/oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach and lower respiratory tract such as trachea/bronchus/lungs is common while in females, the cancer of cervix, breast, mouth & oesophagus are most frequent. The studies have shown close relationship between the cancer of cervix in women with poor genital hygiene, early cosummation of marriage, multiple partners & multiple pregnancies.
  • 7. BREAST CANCER The breast cancer is associated with late marriage, birth of 1 child at a later age, fewer children, shorter period of breast feeding. These practices are present among urban women. So breast cancer is more in urban women as compared to rural.
  • 8. Causes of cancer Smoking Chewing of Tobacco Alcohol intake Diet - such as high fat intake Radiations
  • 9. Causes of cancer Exposure to chemicals such as benzene, arsenic, asbestos, vinyl chloride. Hepatitis A &C virus - hepatocellular carcinoma Air, water pollution & pesticides. Genetic factors.
  • 10. Prevention and Control Identification of persons having danger signs of cancer : The individuals having any of the following danger, signifies cancer. These are : A change in a wart of mole A lump or hard area in the breast A persistent cough or hoarseness.
  • 11. Prevention and Control A persistent change in digestive & bowel habits. Blood loss from any natural orifice of body. Excessive loss of blood at monthly period or loss of blood outside the usual dates. A sore or swelling that does not heal. Unexplained weight loss.
  • 12. Prompt treatment Early detection & prompt treatment of warts, adenoma etc. are required to prevent further complications. Avoid intake of tobacco and alcohol. Maintain personal hygiene especially to prevent cervical cancer. Avoid exposure to radiations & industrial carcinogens. Control air pollution.
  • 13. Prompt treatment Legislation to control the use of tobacco, alcohol and pollution of air. Health education on preventive aspects, identification of risk factors & about the control. Surveying to know the number of cases of cancer. Evaluation & monitoring.
  • 14. BIBLIOGRAPHY Neelam Kumari A Textbook of Community Health Nursing - I ,2011 Edition , Published by Pee Vee ( Regd .), Page reffered to 586- 587. /sriloy/cancerppt-14574316 /harshrastogi1/cancer-in- community-health-nursing-ppt /NAMDEOSHINDE15/cancer- ppt