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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
K V GOPINATH M Pharm PhD CPhT
Sri Padmavathi Women��s Polytechnic
Tirupati
Andhra Pradesh India

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
? Introduction �C Cardiac Arrest
? Definition of CPR
? Indications of CPR
? Equipments for CPR
? CPR Technique
? Precautions in CPR
? Pediatric CPR
? ACLS
? Conclusion
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Sri Padmavathi Women��s Polytechnic Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India

Cardiac Arrest
? Occurs when the heart malfunctions and
stops beating unexpectedly
? Cardiac arrest is an �� Electrical �� problem
? It is triggered by arrhythmias
? Heart cannot pump blood to the brain,
lungs and other organs
? Patient is unconscious, unresponsive, is not
breathing or is only gasping
? Death occurs within minutes, if no
treatment
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Etiology of cardiac arrest
? Hypovalemia
? Hypoxia
? Acidosis
? Hypo / Hyperkalemia
? Hypothermia
? Hypoglycaemia
? Toxins/ Tablets
? Tamponade
? Tension pneumothorax
? Thrombosis
? Thromboembolism
? Trauma
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What to do?
? Cardiac arrest can be reversible
in some cases
? Call local emergency number
and
? Immediately start CPR
? If available Automated External
Defibrillator (AED)
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
? Use of chest compressions and
artificial ventilation to maintain
circulatory flow and oxygenation
during cardiac arrest
? Early intervention help in survival
and neurological outcome
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Compressions & Ventilations
Overlapping hands placed on the center of the
sternum, with the rescuer's arms extended.
Chest compressions are to be delivered at a rate
of at least 100 compressions per minute.
Delivery of mouth-to-mouth ventilations
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Chest Compressions
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Indications of CPR
? Unconscious
? Un detectable pulse
? Undetectable respiration
? Undetectable Heart rate
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Equipments for CPR
? No specialized equipment
? Universal precautions- gloves,
mask and gown
? Mechanical chest compressions
? A cardiac defibrillator - an
electrical shock to the heart via
2 electrodes placed on the
patient��s torso and may restore
the heart into a normal
perfusing rhythm.
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CPR - Technique
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CPR initiation
? Give 30 chest compressions
? Perform the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver to open the airway and determine
if the patient is breathing
? Before beginning ventilations, look in the patient��s mouth for a foreign
body blocking the airway
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Chest Compressions
1) Place the heel of one hand on the patient��s sternum and the other hand on top of the first, fingers interlaced
2) Extend the elbows and the provider leans directly over the patient
3) Press down, compressing the chest at least 2 in
4) Release the chest and allow it to recoil completely
5) The compression depth for adults should be at least 2 inches
6) The compression rate should be at least 100/min
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Chest Compressions
7) The key phrase for chest compression is, ��Push hard and fast��
8) Untrained bystanders should perform chest compression�Conly CPR (COCPR)
9) After 30 compressions, 2 breaths are given; however, an intubated patient should receive continuous
compressions while ventilations are given 8-10 times per minute
10) This entire process is repeated until a pulse returns or the patient is transferred to definitive care
11) To prevent provider fatigue or injury, new providers should intervene every 2-3 minutes (i.e., providers should
swap out, giving the chest compressor a rest while another rescuer continues CPR
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Ventilation
? Pinch the patient��s nostrils closed to assist with
an airtight seal
? Put the mouth completely over the patient��s
mouth
? After 30 chest compression, give 2 breaths (the
30:2 cycle of CPR)
? Give each breath for approximately 1 second
with enough force to make the patient��s chest
rise
? Failure to observe chest rise indicates an
inadequate mouth seal or airway occlusion
? After giving the 2 breaths, resume the CPR
cycle
Sri Padmavathi Women��s Polytechnic Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India 15

Bag-Valve-Mask
Sri Padmavathi Women��s Polytechnic Tirupati Andhra Pradesh India 16

Complications of CPR
? Fractures of ribs
? Fracture of the sternum
? Vomiting
? Aspiration
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Advance Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
? Drug
interventions
? ECG monitoring
? Defibrillation
? Invasive airway
procedures
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Pediatric Resuscitation
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Conclusion
? It is a life saving technique.
? The purpose to keep oxygenated blood flow to the brain and other
vital organs if the heart or lungs stop working on their own.
? The medical term for this is ��loss of automatic function.��
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Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death
Fast Action can save
lives ��
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