Cardiovascular system presen.05
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The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the body using rhythmic contractions. It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. The aorta and vena cava are the main arteries and veins that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to and from the heart. Cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks can occur if blood flow to the heart is blocked, usually by a clot. Modern procedures like cardiac scans, pacemakers, and electrocardiograms can monitor heart health and detect issues. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, avoiding drugs and smoking can help prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Diagnostic tests p. 621
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o Stress ECG
o CXR
o Echo
o Cardiac cath
o Angiography
o Doppler studies
o Pulse oximetry
Haematological studies p. 623
o Serum electrolytes
o Blood gases
o Serum enzymes
o Serum lipids
Classification of cardiac disorders p. 629
Risk factors p. 629
Congenital heart defects p. 630
Description of congenital defects
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o VSD
o PDA
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Clinical manifestations of congenital defects
Management
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Specific dysrhythmias of the atria p. 634
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o Atrial flutter
o Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular dysrhythmias p 637
o Ventricular tachycardia
o Ventricular fibrillation
o Ventricular asystole
Management
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Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Classification of CCF
o Systolic HF
o Right sided
o Left sided
Clinical manifestations
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o GIT
o Oedema
o Renal
o Neurological
o Other
o Physical examination
o Summary table 33.6
Diagnostic test results
Management
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Stress relief
Diet
Exercise
Smoking / alcohol
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Nursing management
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Risk factors p 651
Pathophysiology p 651
Nursing assessment p 652
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Stable
Unstable
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Management P 653 PCCM 91
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Clinical manifestations p 654 PCCM 92
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Management
o Medical
o PTCA /CABG
o Nursing
Diagnoses
Outcomes
Interventions
Complications
o Cardiogenic shock
o Cardiac failure
o Deep vein thrombosis
o Pulmonary embolism
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o ECG
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o CXR
o Echo
o Cardiac cath
o Angiography
o Doppler studies
o Pulse oximetry
Haematological studies p. 623
o Serum electrolytes
o Blood gases
o Serum enzymes
o Serum lipids
Classification of cardiac disorders p. 629
Risk factors p. 629
Congenital heart defects p. 630
Description of congenital defects
o ASD
o VSD
o PDA
o Tetralogy of Fallot
Clinical manifestations of congenital defects
Management
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Specific dysrhythmias of the atria p. 634
o PAC
o Atrial flutter
o Atrial Fibrillation
Ventricular dysrhythmias p 637
o Ventricular tachycardia
o Ventricular fibrillation
o Ventricular asystole
Management
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Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Classification of CCF
o Systolic HF
o Right sided
o Left sided
Clinical manifestations
o Respiratory
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o Renal
o Neurological
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o Physical examination
o Summary table 33.6
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Diet
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2) La aplicaci坦n de carne tibia y suave es m叩s efectiva para ayudar a la recuperaci坦n del da単o en los ojos.
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- 1. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMBio 120 Beatriz Bellini
- 2. THE HEARTThis powerful organ is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by continuous and repetitive rhythmic contractions.The heart lies in the anterior part of the body cavity, dorsal to the gut and it is surrounded by a pericardium, which is a double walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. There are many parts of the heart to talk about, but we are focusing on the most important ones.
- 3. Anatomy of the heart- main partsAORTA: is the main artery in your heart. It is responsible in carrying oxygen rich blood from the left side of your heart to places all over your body.VENTRICLES: They are the lower chambers on both sides of your heart. It receive blood from the atrium. Also, it supplies blood to your body by pumping it out of the heart.ATRIUM: Contracts to push the blood out and into the ventricles.VENA CAVA is the main vain in your body. It carries blood from your body to the right Side of the heart.
- 4. Cardiovascular SystemA heart attack occurs when the supply of blood and oxygen to an area of heart muscle is blocked, usually by a clot in a coronary artery. (An Including other factors such smoking, high cholesterol and poor health habits. However, there are many procedures today to monitor or detect most Cardiovascular concerns:Cardiac ScanPace Maker implantation (regulates heart beat)Electrocardiogram (EKG)
- 5. Cardiac ScanDuring a cardiac CT scan, an x-ray machine will move around your body in a circle, and take a picture of each part of your heart.This test allows your doctor to get important information about the health of your heart.
- 6. Pacemaker implantationSome patients need an implanted electronic device which will help them to monitor and regulate their heart beat.It is a very simple surgery today. It usually takes 45 minutes and it is done under local anesthesia.The pacemaker implant results and experience can vary from one person to another. Some people stay in the hospital overnight and others go home the same day.
- 7. Electrocardiogram (EKG)CARDIAC = means related to the heartELECTRO = electricGRAM = recordElectrocardiogram records the electric current generated by heart beats.
- 8. A few important things to avoid any heart diseases.Watch your cholesterol level. Eating healthy will only benefit your health.Exercise to release toxins from your body.Avoid drugs, or cigarettes.Have a healthy life style.Always consult your doctor in case of chest pain or any discomfort.