This document discusses the history and current state of treatment for multiple myeloma. It begins with a brief history of treatments from the 1960s including melphalan and prednisone and the introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation in the 1980s. It then focuses on the approval and mechanisms of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) including carfilzomib. Several studies are summarized that show carfilzomib based regimens achieving high rates of stringent complete response and minimal residual disease negativity in both relapsed and newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients including those with high-risk disease. While cardiac toxicity has been a concern, it is reported to occur in only a low number of patients.