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Editor's Notes

• #12: Önyargıda bazı araştırmacıların özensiz çalışmaları ve öznel yargılarını yorumlara katmaları etkili olmuştur. 2. Önyargıya bakıldığında aynı sorunsalın deneysel çalışmalar için de söylenebileceği düşünülebilir, dikkatle desenlenmiş çoklu durum çalışmaları bunu aşmada yardımcı olabilir.
• #13: 1. After all, man is, in his ordinaryway, a very competent knower, and qualitative common-sense knowing is not replaced by quantitative knowing. . . . This is not to say that such common sense naturalistic observation is objective, dependable, or unbiased. But it is all that we have. It is the only route to knowledge— noisy, fallible, and biased though it be. (pp. 179, 191) Predictive theories and universals cannot be found in the study of human affairs. Concrete, context-dependent knowledge is, therefore, more valuable than the vain search for predictive theories and universals. 2.Popper, falsification, black swan 3. Eckstein (1975)—contravening the conventional wisdom in this area—goes so far as to argue that case studies are better for testing hypotheses than for producing them. Case studies, Eckstein asserted, “are valuable at all stages of the theory-building process, but most valuable at that stage of theory-building where least value is generally attached to them: the stage at which candidate theories are tested” (p. 80). Testing of hypotheses relates directly to the question of “generalizability,” and this in turn relates to the question of case selection. Here generalizability of case studies can be increased by the strategic selection of cases (on the selection of cases, see Ragin, 1992; Rosch, 1978).
• #14: 4. The case study contains no greater bias toward verification of the researcher’s preconceived notions than other methods of inquiry. On the contrary, experience indicates that the case study contains a greater bias toward falsification of preconceived notions than toward verification. 5. The problems insummarizing case studies, however, are due more often to the properties of the reality studied than to the case study as a research method. Often it is not desirable to summarize and generalize case studies. Good studies should be read as narratives in their entirety.
• #17: The study's questions are most likely to be "how" and "why" questions, and their definition is the first task of the researcher. The study's propositions sometimes derive from the "how" and "why" questions, and are helpful in focusing the study's goals. Not all studies need to have propositions. An exploratory study, rather than having propositions, would have a stated purpose or criteria on which the success will be judged. The unit of analysis defines what the case is. This could be groups, organizations or countries, but it is the primary unit of analysis. Linking the data to propositions and the criteria for interpreting the findings are the least developed aspects in case studies (Yin, 1994). Yıldırım 280-287