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Causes of diarrhoea in cattle and treatment

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Hariharan R
Hariharan R

This slide contains information regarding the various factors responsible for diarrhoea in animals and the treatments based on the symptoms and diagnosis

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CAUSES OF DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE AND GOATS AND TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS PREPARED BY Dr. HARIHARAN.R PhD Scholar Dept of VPH CVAS, Pookode .
CONTENTS ? Classification of Diarrhoea ? Etiology ? Recommended line of treatment using antibiotics in Infectious Cause ? Recommended line of treatment using anticoccidials in Infectious Cause ? Anthelmentics in worm infestation ? Use of astringents ? Use of fluid and electrolyte therapy ?Use of anti-spasmodics to control colic and straining
CLASSIFICATION OF DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE AND GOATS ?Infectious cause ?Bacterial agents ?Viral agents ?Protozoal agents ?Fungal agents ?Non ¨C Infectious cause ?Gastro intestinal worms ?Nutritional deficiency ?Dietary factors ?Physical agents ?Chemical agents ?Simple indigestion ?Allergies ?Poor sanitation ?Stress
BACTERIAL AGENTS ?Colibacillosis (E.coli) ?Salmonellosis ?Campylobacter jejuni ?Pseudomonas ?Proteus ?Shigella ?Pasteurella ?Streptococci & Staphylococci ?Enterotoxemia (goats) and Johne¡¯s disease
VIRAL AGENTS ?Bovines ¨C Bovine Viral Diarrhoea, Bovine Malignant Catarrhal fever, Rota virus & corona virus . ?Caprine ¨C Peste des Petit Ruminants
PROTOZOAL AGENTS ? Coccidiosis ? Balantidiosis ? Cryptosporidiosis
FUNGAL AGENTS ? Candida sp ? Aspergillus sp
NON ¨C INFECTIOUS CAUSE Dietary factors : ? overfeeding ?Sudden change in feed/ fodder ?Coarse/ fibrous feed ? Green lush pasture, green grass and green leaves ?Mouldy feed ? decomposed/ spoiled/ rotten food ? Excess dietary carbohydrate ? Excess feeding of milk and inferior milk replacer to calf ?Ingestion of poisonous plants
PHYSICAL AGENTS ? Sand ? Soil
CHEMICAL AGENTS Irritant chemicals : ? Arsenic ? Copper ? Flourine ? Mercury ? Nitrate
PARASITES Round worms : ? Ostertagia ? Trichostrongylus ? Oesophagostomum ? Bunostomum ? Trichuris ? Cooperia
PARASITES Tape worms : ? Moniezia sp in ruminants Flukes : ? Fasciola hepatica ? Fasciola gigantica ? Paramphistomum
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY ? Deficiency of copper ¨C known as ¡°Peat scours¡± . ? Cobalt ?Vitamin A deficiency.
RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE Antibiotics are the drugs which should be used orally and parenterally in bacterial infections and as supportive in viral infections. Oral use antibiotics ( Recommended for 5 days) : 1. Tetracyclines @ 10 mg/kg body weight 2. Sulphadimidine @ 100 ¨C 200 mg/kg 3. Amoxicillin @ 10 mg/kg 4. Norfloxacin @ 22 mg/kg 5. Metronidazole @ 22 mg/kg
RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE Parenteral use (Intravenously twice daily) : 1. Inj. Enrofloxacin @ 2.5 ¨C 5 mg/kg 2. Inj. Ciprofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg 3. Inj. Ceftriaxone @ 20 - 40 mg/kg 4. Inj. Gentamycin @ 2 - 4 mg/kg 5. Cefotaxime @ 20 ¨C 40 mg/kg
RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTI-COCCIDIALS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE 1. Furazolidone @ 10 -20 mg/kg orally for 5 days 2. Sulphadimidine @ 150 -200 mg/kg orally for 5 days
ANTHELMENTICS IN WORM INFESTATION ?Albendazole @ 7.5 ¨C 10 mg/kg orally ?Fenbendazole @ 10 mg/kg orally
USE OF ASTRINGENTS ? Astringent mixture - Kaolin 30g + creta prep 30g + pulv. Catechu 30g should be drenched twice daily.
USE OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY Based on the type of dehydration
USE OF ANTI-SPASMODICS TO CONTROL COLIC AND STRAINING 1. Inj. Dicyclomine @ 0.5 mg/kg IM 2. Inj. Atropine sulphate @ 0.03 mg/kg IM
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Causes of diarrhoea in cattle and treatment

  • 1. CAUSES OF DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE AND GOATS AND TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS PREPARED BY Dr. HARIHARAN.R PhD Scholar Dept of VPH CVAS, Pookode .
  • 2. CONTENTS ? Classification of Diarrhoea ? Etiology ? Recommended line of treatment using antibiotics in Infectious Cause ? Recommended line of treatment using anticoccidials in Infectious Cause ? Anthelmentics in worm infestation ? Use of astringents ? Use of fluid and electrolyte therapy ?Use of anti-spasmodics to control colic and straining
  • 3. CLASSIFICATION OF DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE AND GOATS ?Infectious cause ?Bacterial agents ?Viral agents ?Protozoal agents ?Fungal agents ?Non ¨C Infectious cause ?Gastro intestinal worms ?Nutritional deficiency ?Dietary factors ?Physical agents ?Chemical agents ?Simple indigestion ?Allergies ?Poor sanitation ?Stress
  • 4. BACTERIAL AGENTS ?Colibacillosis (E.coli) ?Salmonellosis ?Campylobacter jejuni ?Pseudomonas ?Proteus ?Shigella ?Pasteurella ?Streptococci & Staphylococci ?Enterotoxemia (goats) and Johne¡¯s disease
  • 5. VIRAL AGENTS ?Bovines ¨C Bovine Viral Diarrhoea, Bovine Malignant Catarrhal fever, Rota virus & corona virus . ?Caprine ¨C Peste des Petit Ruminants
  • 6. PROTOZOAL AGENTS ? Coccidiosis ? Balantidiosis ? Cryptosporidiosis
  • 7. FUNGAL AGENTS ? Candida sp ? Aspergillus sp
  • 8. NON ¨C INFECTIOUS CAUSE Dietary factors : ? overfeeding ?Sudden change in feed/ fodder ?Coarse/ fibrous feed ? Green lush pasture, green grass and green leaves ?Mouldy feed ? decomposed/ spoiled/ rotten food ? Excess dietary carbohydrate ? Excess feeding of milk and inferior milk replacer to calf ?Ingestion of poisonous plants
  • 10. CHEMICAL AGENTS Irritant chemicals : ? Arsenic ? Copper ? Flourine ? Mercury ? Nitrate
  • 11. PARASITES Round worms : ? Ostertagia ? Trichostrongylus ? Oesophagostomum ? Bunostomum ? Trichuris ? Cooperia
  • 12. PARASITES Tape worms : ? Moniezia sp in ruminants Flukes : ? Fasciola hepatica ? Fasciola gigantica ? Paramphistomum
  • 13. NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY ? Deficiency of copper ¨C known as ¡°Peat scours¡± . ? Cobalt ?Vitamin A deficiency.
  • 14. RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE Antibiotics are the drugs which should be used orally and parenterally in bacterial infections and as supportive in viral infections. Oral use antibiotics ( Recommended for 5 days) : 1. Tetracyclines @ 10 mg/kg body weight 2. Sulphadimidine @ 100 ¨C 200 mg/kg 3. Amoxicillin @ 10 mg/kg 4. Norfloxacin @ 22 mg/kg 5. Metronidazole @ 22 mg/kg
  • 15. RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTIBIOTICS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE Parenteral use (Intravenously twice daily) : 1. Inj. Enrofloxacin @ 2.5 ¨C 5 mg/kg 2. Inj. Ciprofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg 3. Inj. Ceftriaxone @ 20 - 40 mg/kg 4. Inj. Gentamycin @ 2 - 4 mg/kg 5. Cefotaxime @ 20 ¨C 40 mg/kg
  • 16. RECOMMENDED LINE OF TREATMENT USING ANTI-COCCIDIALS IN INFECTIOUS CAUSE 1. Furazolidone @ 10 -20 mg/kg orally for 5 days 2. Sulphadimidine @ 150 -200 mg/kg orally for 5 days
  • 17. ANTHELMENTICS IN WORM INFESTATION ?Albendazole @ 7.5 ¨C 10 mg/kg orally ?Fenbendazole @ 10 mg/kg orally
  • 18. USE OF ASTRINGENTS ? Astringent mixture - Kaolin 30g + creta prep 30g + pulv. Catechu 30g should be drenched twice daily.
  • 19. USE OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY Based on the type of dehydration
  • 20. USE OF ANTI-SPASMODICS TO CONTROL COLIC AND STRAINING 1. Inj. Dicyclomine @ 0.5 mg/kg IM 2. Inj. Atropine sulphate @ 0.03 mg/kg IM