Cell Parts & Organelles.ppt
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This document provides an introduction to cell structures and their functions. It describes the main parts of cells including the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuoles, lysosomes, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoskeleton. Each structure is defined in terms of its function, macromolecular composition, and role in transporting materials and directing cellular processes. The document establishes that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic functional units of life, and cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
Cell Parts & Organelles.ppt
- 1. An introduction to structures and functions of cells and their main parts. Cells
- 2. Cell Theory The Cell Theory states: All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular. The cell is the basic unit of life. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- 3. Types of Cells Identify: Bacterial cell Plant cell Animal cell
- 4. 1. Cell Wall A) function: physical protection & structural support B) Structure: wall surrounding cell Has holes like windows in a wall C) Macromol. = cellulose
- 5. A cell is found to have a nucleus and a cell wall. Which type of cell(s) can it not be. A. Plant B. Animal C. Bacteria
- 6. 2. Cell Membrane A) function: controls what enters and leaves cell B) Structure: flexible lining just inside cell wall C) Macromol. Phospholipids Proteins
- 7. 3. Nucleus A) Structure: 1) Nuclear envelope = double layer of membrane around nucleus 2) Nuclear pores = holes in envelope 3) Chromosomes = DNA inside nucleus 4) Nucleolus = area full of ribosome parts
- 8. B) Function: Store DNA & direct cell C) Macromol. Phospholipids, proteins Nucleic acids
- 9. 4.Cytoplasm A) function: every thing that happenes between cell membrane and nucleus B) Structure: 1) all organelles between nucleus and cell membrane 2) all fluid that fills cell = hyaloplasm C) Macromol. : all
- 10. 5. Ribosome A) function: make proteins 1) Connect amino acids in correct order 2) Follow directions from RNA B) Structure: 2 subunits 1) Protien subunit 2) RNA subunit C) Macromol. : protein & nucleic acid
- 11. 6 Mitochondrion A- Function: Cellular Respiration 1)Uses O2 to burn glucose & give cell energy 2) O2 + glucose CO2 and energy B- Structure 1) Oval outer membrane 2) Folded inner membrane Folds called cristae C- Macromolecules: Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids
- 12. 7. Chloroplasts A- Function: Photosynthesis 1) Coverts solar Energy into chemical energy 2) CO2 + H2O Glucose + O2 B- Structure: 1) Oval outer membrane 2) Grana = stacks of thylakoid disks C- Macromolecules: Phospholipids, protein, nucleic acids
- 13. 8. Vacuole A- Function: storage & support (plants) B- Structure: membrane full of water and molecules or food C- Macromolecules: phospholipids, protiens
- 14. 9. Lysosome A- Function: digest food/break down old organelles & macromolecules (hydrolysis) B- Structure: membrane bubble full of enzymes C- Macromolecules phospholipids, proteins (enzymes)
- 17. 10. Golgi Body A- Function: 1) adds sugars & lipids to proteins 2) makes complex carbohydrates B- Structure: 1) flat membrane pockets 2) filled with enzymes C- Macromolecules phospholipids, proteins
- 18. 11. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A- Function: Fold & transport proteins B- Structure: 1) Tunnels made of membrane 2) lots of enzymes 3) ribosomes C- Macromol.: phospholipids, proteins
- 19. 12. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum A- Function: Transport molecules & Detox B- Structure: Membrane tunnels full of enzymes C- Macromol.: phospholipids, proteins
- 20. 13. Cytoskeleton A- Function: 1) internal support 2) move organelles & vessicles B- Structure: Framework of microtubules and motor proteins C- Macromolecules protein