Cellphone Messaging in Japanese Culture
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1. Young people in Japan frequently use text messaging instead of phone calls due to lower cost, convenience, and ability to revise messages. 2. Japanese text messages employ non-standard scripts like hiragana, katakana, romaji, emojis, emoticons, and "gal" characters. These are used to convey different impressions and emotions. 3. While creative characters help express feelings and cuteness, their overuse could give an impression of less seriousness or politeness, especially with older individuals. Proper context is important when using non-standard characters in text messages.
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Cellphone Messaging in Japanese Culture
- 1. Ke Peng| Student¡¯s Presentations for Languages & Cultures of East Asia Writing in Cell Pone Text Messages among Young People in Japan By Naohiro Horie University of Arizona
- 2. Why cell phone text messages is used instead of phone call Price Convenience Writers do not need to worry about bothering the receiver Opportunity to revise a message
- 3. What is the features in cell phone text messages in Japan Non-standard script choices. Non-standard letter choices Use of e-moji (picture letters), Kao-moji (facial letters), and Garu-moji (teenage girl letters)
- 4. Non- Non-standard script choices Different impressions of Japanese writing system in text messages Hiragana ¤¢¤¤¤¦¤¨¤ª - softness and smoothness Katakana ¥¢¥¤¥¦¥¨¥ª - straight and angular Kanji °¢ÒÁÓî½ì¶ - educated and smart Romaji a i u e o - western and exotic
- 5. Non- Non-standard script choices Hiragana is used in order to make the impression softer. Hiragana instead of Katakana ¤Ï¤Ã¤Ô¤¤¤À¤è ¥Ï¥Ã¥Ô©`¤À¤è (Happy) Hiragana instead of Kanji ¤¤ç¤¦¤Ï ½ñÈÕ¤Ï (Today) Katakana is used in order to emphasize it. Katakana instead of Hiragana ¥´¥á¥ó¤Í ¤´¤á¤ó¤Í (I¡¯m sorry) Katakana instead of Kanji ¥ê¥ç©`¥«¥¤¤Ç¤¹ Á˽â¤Ç¤¹ (All right)
- 6. Non- Non-standard script choices Romaji is used in order to make the Impression western or exotic. Romaji instead of Hiragana ¤¤¤¤yo ¤¤¤¤¤è (Happy) Romaji instead of Katakana Thank you ¥µ¥ó¥¥å(Today)
- 7. Non- Non-standard letter choices Use of small letter makes a sentence kawaii (cute). Used among young women. 1. Reducing the size of normal letters ¤¢¤ê¤¬¤È¤¦ ¤¢¤ê¤¬¤È¤¥ 2. Adding a small letter to lengthen the preceding vowel ¤ª¤ä¤¹¤ß ¤ª¤ä¤¹¤ß¤£
- 8. What is E-moji? E- E-moji (picture character) is logographic letter. E-moji is widely used among not only young people but also relatively older people. Icons are built into cell phone.
- 9. What is E-moji? (Cont.) E- E-moji Facial Object Symbols signs signs
- 10. What is Kao-moji? Kao- Kao-moji (facial character) is emoticon. Kao-moji is used among young people. Icons is built into cell phone, but people can create own Kao-moji and store them in cell phone. (^_-) (^o^)/ (^_^)V (;_;) m(_ _)m (-.-;)y-~~~
- 11. What is Gyaru-moji? Gyaru- Gyaru-moji (gal¡¯s character) is distorted character. Gyaru-moji is popular among high school and junior high school girls.
- 12. What is Gyaru-moji? (Cont.) Gyaru- How to create Gyaru-moji Example 1 ) Hiragana ¤± ¥ì¥Ê (Katakana re and na) £É¥Ê (Capital i and Katakana na) (? (open parenthesis and dagger)
- 13. What is Gyaru-moji? (Cont.) Gyaru- Example 2 ) Katakana ¥» ÊÀ (Kanji) ¥Á ǧ (Kanji) Example 3) Kanji ºÃ Å®×Ó (Kanji for like) (Kanji for woman and child)
- 14. Reasons new logographic letters are accepted to Japanese people 1. Complication of Japanese writing system. Hiragana and Katakana are syllabic. Kanji is logographic. Romaji is alphabetic. Japanese people are accustomed to use a variety of writing systems in a sentence.
- 15. Reasons new logographic letters are accepted to Japanese people
- 16. Effects of E-moji, Kao-moji, and E- Kao- Gyarumoji Expressing emotions or feelings Make a message soft and cute. Giving an friendly impression. Giving the impression that more work done for a message.
- 17. 1. Expressing emotions or feelings Since text messages is difficult to express emotion, facial signs of E-moji (Picture character) and Kaomoji (face character) are used. Ex) ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦ Ohayou ¡®Good morning¡¯ Plane ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦¡£ E-moji ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦ Kao-moji ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦(^_^)/
- 18. 2. Making an impression of cuteness Since the plain text message may give a cold impression, objective signs of E-moji (Picture character) is used in order to make a sentence soft and cute. Ex) ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦¡£¤¤¤Þ¤«¤éѧУ¤À¤è¡£ ¤ª¤Ï¤è¤¦ ¤¤¤Þ¤«¤é ¤À¤è
- 19. Controversial Issues Disadvantages 1. Giving an impression of less seriousness. ex) Not appropriate for apologizing. When using Kao-moji, E-moji, and Gyaru-moji, people need to decide whether or not those letters are acceptable, depending on a situation.
- 20. Controversial Issues 2. Giving an impression of less politeness - Not appropriate to use E-moji, Kao- moji, and Gyaru-moji to older people. 3. Non-standard script choices and non- standard letter choices are against the conventional orthography.
- 21. References Kataoka, Kuniyoshi. ¡°Affect and letter-writing: Unconventional conventions in casual writing by young Japanese women.¡± Language in Society 26.1 (1997): 103-106. Katsuno, Hirofumi, and Christine R. Yano. ¡°FACE TO FACE: ON-LINE SUBJECTIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN.¡± Asian Studies Review 26.2 (2002): 205-231. Miyake, Kazuko. ¡°How Young Japanese Express Their Emotions Visually in Mobile Phone Messages: A Sociolinguistic Analysis.¡± Japanese Studies 27.1 (2007): 53-70.