Cengel ch15
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•899 views
This document contains 16 figures related to chemical and phase equilibrium. The figures cover topics such as reaction chambers containing gas mixtures in equilibrium, criteria for chemical reactions and equilibrium, control masses undergoing reactions, equilibrium constants, effects of temperature and pressure on exothermic reactions, liquid-vapor mixtures, multiphase systems, phase equilibrium diagrams, and the behavior of dissolved gases.
Cengel ch15
- 1. CHAPTER 15 Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
- 2. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-1 A reaction chamber that contains a mixture of CO2, CO, and O2 at a specified temperature and pressure. 15-1
- 3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-2 Equilibrium criteria for a chemical reaction that takes place adiabatically. 15-2
- 4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-3 A control mass undergoing a chemical reaction at a specified temperature and pressure. 15-3
- 5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-4 Criteria for chemical equilibrium at a specified temperature and pressure. 15-4
- 6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-5 An infinitesimal reaction in a chamber at constant temperature and pressure. 15-5
- 7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-7 Three equivalent Kp relations for reacting ideal-gas mixtures. 15-6
- 8. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-9 The larger the KP, the more complete the reaction. 15-7
- 9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-10 The presence of inert gases does not affect the equilibrium constant, but it does affect the equilibrium composition. 15-8
- 10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-11 Equilibrium-constant relation for the ionization reaction of hydrogen. 15-9
- 11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-14 The number of KP relations needed to determine the equilibrium composition of a reacting mixture is the difference between the number of species and the number of elements. 15-10
- 12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-16 Exothermic reactions are less complete at higher temperatures. 15-11
- 13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-18 A liquid–vapor mixture in equilibrium at a constant temperature and pressure. 15-12
- 14. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-20 A multicomponent multiphase system is in phase equilibrium when the specific Gibbs function of each component is the same in all phases. 15-13
- 15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-21 Equilibrium diagram for the two-phase mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at 0.1 MPa. 15-14
- 16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-22 Unlike temperature, the mole fraction of species on the two sides of a liquid–gas (or solid–gas or solid–liquid) interface are usually not the same. 15-15
- 17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. FIGURE 15-23 Dissolved gases in a liquid can be driven off by heating the liquid. 15-16