際際滷

際際滷Share a Scribd company logo

Central place theory

Download as PPT, PDF
S
SimranSehrawat3

This document outlines Christaller's central place theory, which proposes that settlements develop in a hierarchical pattern to provide goods and services to surrounding areas. It describes the concepts of range, threshold, and sphere of influence. Christaller hypothesized that central places would be spatially distributed in a hexagonal arrangement to optimize access according to different principles (K values) of either marketing, transportation, or administration. However, the theory makes unrealistic assumptions and the predicted patterns are not always reflected in reality due to non-uniform population distributions and other factors.

1 of 23
Downloaded 62 times
Central place theory
Central place theory
Central place theory
Central place theory
A Central Place is a settlement which provides one or more services for the population living around it. Simple basic services(e.g. grocery stores) are said to be of lower order while specialized services (e.g. universities) are said to be high order. Having a high order service implies there are low order services around it, but not vice versa. Settlements which provides low order services are said to be low order settlements. Settlements which provides high order services are said to be high order settlements. The sphere of influence is the area under the influence of the central place.
Urban hierarchy is based on the functions available in a city. Is also related to population as well as functions and services Functions and services attract people from the urban areas as well as the hinterlands Every urban center has an economic reach Central places compete with each other to provide goods and services Economic reach is a measure of centrality Centrality is crucial to the development of urban places and their service areas Hinterland refers to the area surrounding a service from which consumers are drawn
The theory consists of two basic concepts Range is the average maximum distance people are will travel to use a service Threshold is the minimum number of people required to support the service
Christaller attempted to design a model that would show how and where central places in the urban hierarchy would be functionally and spatially distributed
Hamlet: fewest goods and services available Village: includes the region of the hamlet and some additional goods and services Town: includes the region of the village and hamlet and provides some additional goods and services City: includes the region of the village, hamlet and town and provides additional goods and services
Central place theory
The landscape is an isotropic surface The settlement distribution is uniform with respect to resources The distribution of population and their income level are almost the same Both the purchaser and seller are rational or economic person who try to optimize their profit Hexagonal arrangement of central places (WHY?)
Central place theory
The larger the settlement, the less there are of them and the farther apart they are The less there are of a settlement, the larger the hinterland, or sphere of influence, of its goods and services Places of the same size will be spaced the same distance apart (3x7)km or 12km apart
Three ways: K=3 Marketing principle K=4 Transportation principle K=7 Administrative principle The different layouts predicted by Christaller have K-values which show how much the sphere of influence of the central place takes in
According to marketing principle K=3 The market area of a higher order place occupies 1/3rd of the market area of each of the consecutive lower order place which lies on its neighbour. The lower size nodes (6 in no. and 2nd larger circle)are located at the corner of a largest hexagon around the high-order settlement. It serves 1/3rd (6 settlements)+1=3 times its own population and area Thus with one at the highest seventh order the no. are 1, 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 and 486
Central place theory
In Christallers K=4 model. The criterion is to minimize the length of roads to join all adjacent pairs of central places. It serves 遜 (of 6 settlements)+1 =4 times the population area of a lower order Centre The no. of settlements is thus greater than in K=3 (in the ratio 1, 2, 8, 32, 128, 512 and 2048)
Central place theory
Settlements are nested according to seven (K=7) The market areas of the smaller settlements are completely enclosed within the market area of the larger settlements Efficient administration is the control principle in this hierarchy Sequence-1, 6, 42, 294,1058, 14406 & 100842 settlements
Central place theory
An isotropic surface is ideal rarely found in the world The behaviour of consumers and sellers is not always rational The hexagonal pattern of central places is rarely found in real life This theory is primarily suitable for agriculture regions and it doesnt account for the impact of industrial agglomerations and govt. policies The fixed value of K shows poor approx. with reality
Central place theory
Central place theory

More Related Content

Central place theory

  • 5. A Central Place is a settlement which provides one or more services for the population living around it. Simple basic services(e.g. grocery stores) are said to be of lower order while specialized services (e.g. universities) are said to be high order. Having a high order service implies there are low order services around it, but not vice versa. Settlements which provides low order services are said to be low order settlements. Settlements which provides high order services are said to be high order settlements. The sphere of influence is the area under the influence of the central place.
  • 6. Urban hierarchy is based on the functions available in a city. Is also related to population as well as functions and services Functions and services attract people from the urban areas as well as the hinterlands Every urban center has an economic reach Central places compete with each other to provide goods and services Economic reach is a measure of centrality Centrality is crucial to the development of urban places and their service areas Hinterland refers to the area surrounding a service from which consumers are drawn
  • 7. The theory consists of two basic concepts Range is the average maximum distance people are will travel to use a service Threshold is the minimum number of people required to support the service
  • 8. Christaller attempted to design a model that would show how and where central places in the urban hierarchy would be functionally and spatially distributed
  • 9. Hamlet: fewest goods and services available Village: includes the region of the hamlet and some additional goods and services Town: includes the region of the village and hamlet and provides some additional goods and services City: includes the region of the village, hamlet and town and provides additional goods and services
  • 11. The landscape is an isotropic surface The settlement distribution is uniform with respect to resources The distribution of population and their income level are almost the same Both the purchaser and seller are rational or economic person who try to optimize their profit Hexagonal arrangement of central places (WHY?)
  • 13. The larger the settlement, the less there are of them and the farther apart they are The less there are of a settlement, the larger the hinterland, or sphere of influence, of its goods and services Places of the same size will be spaced the same distance apart (3x7)km or 12km apart
  • 14. Three ways: K=3 Marketing principle K=4 Transportation principle K=7 Administrative principle The different layouts predicted by Christaller have K-values which show how much the sphere of influence of the central place takes in
  • 15. According to marketing principle K=3 The market area of a higher order place occupies 1/3rd of the market area of each of the consecutive lower order place which lies on its neighbour. The lower size nodes (6 in no. and 2nd larger circle)are located at the corner of a largest hexagon around the high-order settlement. It serves 1/3rd (6 settlements)+1=3 times its own population and area Thus with one at the highest seventh order the no. are 1, 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 and 486
  • 17. In Christallers K=4 model. The criterion is to minimize the length of roads to join all adjacent pairs of central places. It serves 遜 (of 6 settlements)+1 =4 times the population area of a lower order Centre The no. of settlements is thus greater than in K=3 (in the ratio 1, 2, 8, 32, 128, 512 and 2048)
  • 19. Settlements are nested according to seven (K=7) The market areas of the smaller settlements are completely enclosed within the market area of the larger settlements Efficient administration is the control principle in this hierarchy Sequence-1, 6, 42, 294,1058, 14406 & 100842 settlements
  • 21. An isotropic surface is ideal rarely found in the world The behaviour of consumers and sellers is not always rational The hexagonal pattern of central places is rarely found in real life This theory is primarily suitable for agriculture regions and it doesnt account for the impact of industrial agglomerations and govt. policies The fixed value of K shows poor approx. with reality