This document contains a quiz about the muscular system organized into multiple levels and rounds of questions. It covers topics such as the three types of muscle tissue, muscle fiber structure, muscle contraction mechanisms, roles of calcium and acetylcholine, and functions of connective tissues like the endomysium. The final question indicates that muscle contraction occurs through actin fibers sliding past myosin fibers, due to the cross-bridge cycling action of the myosin heads.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to boost self-esteem and can serve as a healthy way to manage stress.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It notes that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise has also been shown to enhance self-esteem and serve as a healthy means of stress management.
The document discusses the importance of summarization for processing large amounts of text. Automatic summarization systems aim to generate concise summaries by identifying the most important concepts and events within source texts. However, accurately summarizing texts remains a challenging task that current systems cannot fully achieve at a human level.
This document is a certificate from the University of KwaZulu-Natal certifying that Miss Obinna received a Bachelor of Commerce degree on May 20, 2012 after satisfying the conditions prescribed for the degree. The certificate is signed by the Dean, Vice-Chancellor, and Registrar of the university.
Muscular system chapter overview:
- 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
- Muscles have 4 main functions and are organized in a muscular system
- Skeletal muscles are striated and attached via tendons or aponeuroses
- Contraction occurs when myosin cross-bridges bind actin fibers, sliding them past each other
- Nerve impulses trigger calcium release and muscle contraction via sliding filament theory
- Exercise improves muscle endurance, size and strength through aerobic and resistance training
The document discusses the importance of summarization for processing large amounts of text. Automatic summarization systems aim to generate concise summaries by identifying the most important concepts and events within source texts. However, accurately summarizing texts remains a challenging task that current systems cannot fully achieve at a human level.
This document is a certificate from the University of KwaZulu-Natal certifying that Miss Obinna received a Bachelor of Commerce degree on May 20, 2012 after satisfying the conditions prescribed for the degree. The certificate is signed by the Dean, Vice-Chancellor, and Registrar of the university.
Muscular system chapter overview:
- 3 types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
- Muscles have 4 main functions and are organized in a muscular system
- Skeletal muscles are striated and attached via tendons or aponeuroses
- Contraction occurs when myosin cross-bridges bind actin fibers, sliding them past each other
- Nerve impulses trigger calcium release and muscle contraction via sliding filament theory
- Exercise improves muscle endurance, size and strength through aerobic and resistance training
The document outlines the goals and key concepts to be covered in a chapter on photosynthesis, including distinguishing between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition, describing the structure and function of chloroplasts, explaining the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis including the Calvin cycle, and summarizing alternative carbon fixation pathways such as C4 and CAM photosynthesis.
The skeletal system consists of bones, joints, and cartilages that make up the endoskeleton of the human body. It has several functions including support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and chest, and the appendicular skeleton which connects to the axial skeleton and includes the upper and lower limbs. Bones can be classified based on their shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. The anatomy of long bones includes diaphyses, epiphyses, periosteum, marrow cavity, and growth plates. Joints allow movement and come in several types including ball-and-socket and
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Ap bio ch 3 Functional Groups & Macromoleculeszernwoman
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1. Organic molecules like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are made up of monomers linked together through covalent bonds.
2. Carbon is a versatile building block due to its ability to form four covalent bonds (tetravalency). This allows it to link to other carbon atoms to form chains, branches, and rings.
3. Organic molecules contain functional groups that influence their chemical properties. Common functional groups include hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups.
4. The structure and bonding of organic molecules contribute to isomerism, including structural, geometric, and enantiomer isomers. Spatial arrangement of atoms and groups affects molecular properties.
This document discusses the four primary types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. It focuses on epithelial tissues, which are grouped into glands and coverings. Epithelial tissues are classified based on the number of cell layers (simple or stratified) and the shape of cells (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). Simple epithelia include squamous, cuboidal and columnar types which line various organs. Stratified epithelia provide additional protection with multiple layers including squamous, cuboidal and columnar cell types. Glandular epithelia are responsible for secreting products into openings.
Ap bio ch 2 ppt The Chemistry of Life and Waterzernwoman
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The document discusses the importance of water for life, including its unique properties like polarity and hydrogen bonding that allow it to moderate temperatures, dissolve many substances, and enable processes like diffusion. Water's high specific heat also means it can absorb or release large amounts of heat without much change in temperature. These properties are crucial for biological functions and maintaining Earth's habitability.
This document discusses key concepts in population ecology including:
1. It defines population characteristics like density and dispersion and explains how demography studies population growth and decline through factors like birth rates, death rates, immigration and emigration.
2. Population age structure, generation time, and sex ratio are important in determining growth and decline as they impact reproductive rates. Survivorship curves show mortality rates at different ages.
3. Organisms must make life history trade-offs between energy invested in reproduction versus survival. Their life history is determined by number of reproductive events, offspring per event, and age of first reproduction.
4. Population growth can be exponential or logistic, with the latter constrained by environmental carrying
This chapter discusses animal behavior and behavioral biology. It defines key concepts like behavioral ecology, instinct, learning, and communication. It provides examples of innate behaviors like fixed action patterns and imprinting. It also covers different types of learning such as habituation, associative learning, and insight. The chapter discusses social behaviors including aggression, dominance hierarchies, territoriality, and courtship. It addresses migration, kin selection, and altruism. The overall goals are to explain different kinds of animal behavior and how they help organisms survive and reproduce.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in the scientific method including observation, hypotheses, variables, experiments, data collection and analysis, inferences, conclusions, and reliability and validity. It uses a hypothetical example experiment testing how color affects the dissolving rate of M&Ms in water to illustrate these concepts. Key steps discussed are developing testable questions, controlling variables, collecting quantitative data, analyzing results using graphs, and drawing conclusions supported by evidence.
This document lists 4 sources for memory and study techniques. The sources include a US Air Force Academy webpage on memory techniques, a New York Times article on improving memory, a Middle Tennessee State University webpage on memory principles including using interest, and a design share webpage on brain-based learning principles from 1998.
This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of structure and physiology as the study of function. It describes the levels of structural organization from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It lists and briefly describes the 11 major organ systems. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of stable internal conditions and negative feedback as a mechanism for homeostasis. It describes anatomical position and introduces anatomical terminology for describing body directions, planes, and regions.
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The document summarizes community service activities from 2011-2012, including a mummy pop fundraiser whose proceeds were used to buy Christmas gifts for needy children, bell ringing for the Salvation Army, a pancake breakfast for Finley, a picnic at Big Rock Park, and a Big Rock Park project. It then asks how one will serve in 2012-2013.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. The document recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week to gain these benefits.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular health, reduce stress and anxiety, boost mood, and enhance cognitive function. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes each day is recommended for significant health benefits.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for both physical and mental health. It notes that regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases like heart disease and diabetes, improve mood, and reduce feelings of stress and anxiety. Exercise is also said to boost brain health and function as we age by increasing blood flow and oxygen to the brain.
1. Chapter 6: The Muscular System
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
$100 $100 $100 $100
$200 $200 $200 $200
$300 $300 $300 $300
$400 $400 $400 $400
FINAL ROUND
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2. Level 1:
$100 Question
A large, sheetlike tendon is a(an)
a. tensor.
b. ligament.
c. synergist.
d. aponeurosa.
ANSWER
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3. Level 1:
$100 Answer
A large, sheetlike tendon is a(an)
a. tensor.
b. ligament.
c. synergist.
d. aponeurosa.
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4. Level 1:
$200 Question
The 3 types of muscle tissue are
a. connective, actin, myosin
b. aerobic, anaerobic, striated
c. skeletal, voluntary, involuntary
d. skeletal, smooth, cardiac
ANSWER
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5. Level 1:
$200 Answer
The 3 types of muscle tissue are
a. connective, actin, myosin
b. aerobic, anaerobic, striated
c. skeletal, voluntary, involuntary
d. skeletal, smooth, cardiac
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6. Level 1:
$300 Question
The propagated (growing) action potential
makes the sarcolemma permeable to this
ion moving into the cell.
a. Na+
b. Cl
c. Ca2+
d. K+ ANSWER
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7. Level 1:
$300 Answer
The propagated action potential makes the
sarcolemma permeable to this ion moving
into the cell.
a. Na+
b. Cl
c. Ca2+
d. K+
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8. Level 1:
$400 Question
When Na+ enters the sarcolemma of a
muscle cell during an action potential, it
stimulates ____ to be released from the
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a. Ca+
b. K+
c. ATP
d. Na+
ANSWER
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9. Level 1:
$400 Answer
When Na+ enters the sarcolemma of a muscle
cell during an action potential, it stimulates
____ to be released from the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.
a. Ca+
b. K+
c. ATP
d. Na+
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10. Level 2:
$100 Question
Smooth muscle cells are
a. voluntary
b. striated
c. involuntary
d. multinucleate
ANSWER
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11. Level 2:
$100 Answer
Smooth muscle cells are
a. voluntary
b. striated
c. involuntary
d. multinucleate
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12. Level 2:
$200 Question
Which of the following is NOT a function of
the muscular system:
a. production of movement
b. maintenance of posture
c. generation of heat
d. hematopoiesis
ANSWER
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13. Level 2:
$200 Answer
Which of the following is NOT a function of
the muscular system:
a. production of movement
b. maintenance of posture
c. generation of heat
d. hematopoiesis
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14. Level 2:
$300 Question
The mechanical force of contraction is generated by:
a. shortening of the thick filaments
b. shortening of the thin filaments
c. a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones
d. the temporary disappearance of thin filaments
ANSWER
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15. Level 2:
$300 Answer
The mechanical force of contraction is generated by:
a. shortening of the thick filaments
b. shortening of the thin filaments
c. a sliding of thin filaments past thick ones
d. the temporary disappearance of thin filaments
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16. Level 2:
$400 Question
Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order
from largest to smallest:
1. fascicle
2. muscle fiber (cell)
3. myosin filament
4. sarcomere
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 4, 3, 2, 1
b. 1, 2, 4, 3 d. 2, 1, 4, 3
ANSWER
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17. Level 2:
$400 Answer
Place these structures of the skeletal muscle in order
from largest to smallest:
1. fascicle
2. muscle fiber (cell)
3. myosin filament
4. sarcomere
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 c. 4, 3, 2, 1
b. 1, 2, 4, 3 d. 2, 1, 4, 3
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18. Level 3:
$100 Question
The cell membrane of a muscle cell is
known as a(n)
a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
b. Myosin head
c. Sarcolemma
d. Fasicle
ANSWER
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19. Level 3:
$100 Answer
The cell membrane of a muscle cell is
known as a(n)
Difference b/t
a. Sarcoplasmic reticulum endomysium &
sarcolemma?
b. Myosin head
c. Sarolemma
d. Fasicle
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20. Level 3:
$200 Question
When the myosin heads link to the thin
filaments they are called
a. articulations.
b. myofibrils.
c. cross bridges.
d. reticuli.
ANSWER
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21. Level 3:
$200 Answer
When the myosin heads link to the thin
filaments they are called
a. articulations.
b. myofibrils.
c. cross bridges.
d. reticuli.
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22. Level 3:
$300 Question
Acetylcholine is:
a. an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane
b. a source of energy for muscle contraction
c. a component of thick myofilaments
d. a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
ANSWER
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23. Level 3:
$300 Answer
Acetylcholine is:
a. an ion pump on the postsynaptic membrane
b. a source of energy for muscle contraction
c. a component of thick myofilaments
d. a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle
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24. Level 3:
$400 Question
Calcium is important to muscle contraction because
a. without it muscles wouldnt divide
b. Myosin heads are made of calcium
c. it enables myosin to bind to actin
d. It provides the energy needed for the muscle to contract
ANSWER
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25. Level 3:
$400 Answer
Calcium is important to muscle contraction because
a. without it muscles wouldnt divide
b. Myosin heads are made of calcium
c. it enables myosin to bind to actin
d. It provides the energy needed for the muscle to contract
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/movies/acti
n_myosin.html
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26. Level 4:
$100 Question
Most of the energy provided for muscle
contraction comes from
a. anaerobic respiration.
b. glycolysis.
c. aerobic respiration.
d. Krebs cycle.
ANSWER
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27. Level 4:
$100 Answer
Most of the energy provided for muscle
contraction comes from
a. anaerobic respiration.
b. glycolysis.
c. aerobic respiration.
d. Krebs cycle.
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28. Level 4:
$200 Question
This high-energy molecule is found in only
muscle cells.
a. ADP
b. ATP
c. Creatine phosphate
d. Calmodulin
ANSWER
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29. Level 4:
$200 Answer
This high-energy molecule is found in only
muscle cells.
a. ADP
b. ATP
c. Creatine phosphate
d. Calmodulin
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30. Level 4:
$300 Question
Muscles that perform opposite actions to
one another are termed __________.
ANSWER
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31. Level 4:
$300 Answer
Muscles that perform opposite actions to
one another are termed __________.
Antagonists
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32. Level 4:
$400 Question
Explain the function of the endomysium,
epimysium and perimysium
ANSWER
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33. Level 4:
$400 Answer
Explain the function of the endomysium, epimysium and
perimysium
They are all connective tissues. Endomysium wraps
individual muscle cells
Epimysium wraps entire muscle
Perimysium wraps fasicles
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34. FINAL ROUND Question
Basically muscles contract because
a. Myosin fibers get shorter
b. actin fibers slide past myosin
c. Muscle cells degrade and rebuild
d. The sacroplasmic reticulum contracts
ANSWER
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35. FINAL ROUND Answer
Basically muscles contract because
a. Myosin fibers get shorter
b. actin fibers slide past myosin
c. Muscle cells degrade and rebuild
d. The sacroplasmic reticulum
contracts
http://faculty.massasoit.mass.edu/whanna/201/2
01_content/topicdir/muscle/muscle_media/muscl
e_VD/page143/page143.html
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