This chapter discusses nutrition and factors that influence food choices. It introduces the six classes of nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins and minerals. Some nutrients provide energy while others provide structure or regulate body processes. High nutrient density foods like vegetables contain more nutrients per calorie compared to low nutrient density foods like cake. Genetics and diet both impact health, with some diseases resulting from single gene mutations and others from multiple genetic and environmental factors. A healthy diet emphasizes variety, balance and moderation. Nutrition research uses scientific methods like experiments and studies to establish evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.