34. Th??ng m?i c?ng t¨¢c (cont.) Th??ng m?i c?ng t¨¢c v¨¤ qu?n l? tri th?c Qu?n l? tri th?c-Knowledge management : l¨¤ qu¨¢ tr¨¬nh thu nh?n v¨¤ t?o ra tri th?c T?p trung v¨¤ t?o s?n d¨´ng c¨¢c ? ki?n chuy¨ºn gia ?? cung c?p cho c¨¢c ??i t¨¢c S? h?c t?p c?ng thu?n ti?n v?i KM
35. Th??ng m?i c?ng t¨¢c (cont.) Barriers to c-commerce¡ª lack of defined and universally agreed-on standards technical reasons involving integration, standards, and networks security and privacy concerns over who has access to and control of information stored in a partner¡¯s database internal resistance to information sharing and to new approaches lack of internal skills to conduct collaborative commerce
36. Collaborative Planning and CPFR In collaborative planning , business partners¡ªall have real-time access to point-of-sale order information manufacturers suppliers distribution partners other partners
37. Collaborative Planning and CPFR (cont.) Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR): Project in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in their planning and demand forecasting to optimize flow of materials along the supply chain
38. Collaborative Planning and CPFR (cont.) CPFR provides a standard framework for collaborative planning Improve demand forecasting for all of the partners in the supply chain and then communicate forecasts using information-sharing applications Suppliers and retailers also coordinate the related logistics activities
41. Collaborative Planning: APS Advanced planning and scheduling (APS) systems: Programs that use algorithms to identify optimal solutions to complex planning problems that are bound by constraints
42. Collaborative Planning: PLM Product lifecycle management (PLM): Business strategy that enables manufacturers to control and share product-related data as part of product design and development efforts
44. Internal Supply Solutions, Intrabusiness, and B2E Intrabusiness EC: E-commerce activities conducted within an organization Business-to-employee (B2E): Intrabusiness EC in which an organization delivers products or services to its employees
45. Internal Supply Solutions, Intrabusiness, and B2E (cont.) Representative applications of B2E include: Providing field representatives with electronic communication tools Training and education provided over intranets Employee use of electronic catalogs and ordering forms
46. Internal Supply Solutions, Intrabusiness, and B2E (cont.) Electronic tools for communication, collaboration, and information discovery Offering corporate stores on the intranet that sell the companies¡¯ products to employees, usually at a discount Systems that disseminate information or allow employees to manage their fringe benefits via the intranet
47. Internal Supply Solutions, Intrabusiness, and B2E (cont.) Activities between business units Large corporations consist of independent units, called strategic business units (SBUs)¡ªtransactions can be easily automated and performed over the organization¡¯s intranet Special network may be constructed to support communication, collaboration, and execution of transactions
48. Internal Supply Solutions, Intrabusiness, and B2E (cont.) Activities among corporate employees A system by which employees can collaborate on an individual (sometimes nonbusiness) level Via classified ads, corporate equipment may be sold to employees for private use
49. Integration along the Supply Chain Example: Toshiba USA Toshiba created a Web-based order entry system for product parts using an extranet and intranets Dealers can place orders for parts until 5:00 P.M. for next-day delivery without extra charge Dealers can check accounts receivable balances and pricing arrangements and read service bulletins, press releases, and so on Sales reps can interact more effectively with dealers
51. Integration along the Supply Chain (cont.) Enabling integration and the role of standards and Web services Integration involves connectivity, compatibility, security, and scalability Applications, data, processes, and interfaces must be integrated Middleware, standards and protocols have been developed to facilitate integration
52. Corporate (Enterprise) Portals Corporate (enterprise) portal: A gateway for entering a corporate Web site, enabling communication, collaboration, and access to company information Corporate portals offer employees, business partners, and customers an organized focal point for their interactions with the firm
53. Corporate (Enterprise) Portals (cont.) Types of corporate portals Generic portals portal for suppliers portal for customers portal for employees supervisor portals mobile portals¡ªaccessible via mobile devices, especially cell phones and PDAs
54. Corporate (Enterprise) Portals (cont.) Functional portals Information portals: Portals that store data and enable users to navigate and query these data Collaborative portals: Portals that allow collaboration
55. Corporate (Enterprise) Portals (cont.) Corporate portal applications knowledge bases and learning tools business process support customer-facing (front-line) sales, marketing, and services collaboration and project support access to data from disparate corporate systems personalized pages for various users effective search and indexing tools security applications best practices and lessons learned directories and bulletin boards identification of experts news Internet access
57. Corporate (Enterprise) Portals (cont.) Justifying portals Offer a simple user interface for finding and navigating content via a browser Improve access to business content and increase the number of business users who can access information, applications, and people Offer the opportunity to use platform-independent software
58. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Workflow Workflow: The movement of information as it flows through the sequence of steps that make up an organization¡¯s work procedures Workflow systems: Business process automation tools that place system controls in the hands of user departments to automate information processing tasks
59. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Workflow (cont.) Workflow management: The automation of workflows, so that documents, information, and tasks are passed from one participant to the next in the steps of an organization¡¯s business process
60. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Workflow (cont.) Three major categories of workflow applications: Collaborative workflow project-oriented and collaborative types of processes Production workflow mission-critical, transaction-oriented, high-volume processes Administrative workflow cross between collaborative and production
61. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Workflow (cont.) Benefits of workflow management systems Improved control of business processes Improved quality of services Lower staff training costs Improved user satisfaction
62. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Groupware Groupware: Software products that support collaboration, over networks, among groups of people who share a common task or goal Provide a way for groups to share resources and opinions
63. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Virtual meetings: Online meetings whose members are in different locations, frequently in different countries Group decision support system (GDSS ) : An interactive computer-based system that facilitates the solution of semistructured and unstructured problems by a group of decision makers
64. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: GDSS (cont.) Major characteristics of a GDSS Its goal is to support the process of group decision makers by providing automation of subprocesses using information technology tools It is a specially designed information system It encourages generation of ideas, resolution of conflicts, and freedom of expression
65. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: GDSS (cont.) GDSSs improve the decision-making process by: providing structure to the planning process support parallel processing of information and idea generation make larger meetings possible
66. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Teleconferencing Teleconferencing: The use of electronic communication that allows two or more people at different locations to have a simultaneous conference Video teleconference: Virtual meeting in which participants in one location can see participants at other locations on a large screen or a desktop computer
67. Collaboration-Enabling Tools: Teleconferencing (cont.) Data conferencing: Virtual meeting in which geographically dispersed groups work on documents together and to exchange computer files during videoconferences Web conferencing is conducted on the Internet few as two and as many as thousands of people allows users to simultaneously view something interaction takes place via messaging or a simultaneous phone teleconference is much cheaper than videoconferencing because it runs on the Internet
68. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Real-time collaboration (RTC) tools help companies bridge time and space to make decisions and collaborate on projects by supporting synchronous communication of graphical and text-based information
69. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Interactive white boards Another type of groupware where all participants join in the use Users can view and draw on a single document ¡°pasted¡± onto the electronic whiteboard on a computer screen Users can save digital whiteboarding sessions for future use
70. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Screen sharing: Software that enables group members, even in different locations, to work on the same document, which is shown on the PC screen of each participant
72. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Instant video¡ªa video chat room that allows users to chat in real time, seeing the person they are communicating with Integration and groupware suites Lotus Notes/Domino Microsoft NetMeeting Novell GroupWise
73. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Virtual reality (VR): System that delivers interactive computer generated 3D graphics to a user through a head-mounted display
74. Collaboration-Enabling Tools (cont.) Implementation issues An effective collaborative environment is necessary Connecting collaborative tools with file management products on an organization¡¯s intranet is necessary Protocols to change the read-only Web to a truly collaborative environment
75. Managerial Issues How difficult is it to introduce e-collaboration? How much can be shared with business partners? Can they be trusted? Who is in charge of our portal and intranet content? Who will design the corporate portal? Should we conduct virtual meetings?
76. Summary The e-supply chain, its characteristics, and components: Digitized and automated flow of information throughout the supply chain and managing it via the Web Supply chain problems and their causes: access to inventories, lack of supplies when needed, need for rush orders, deliveries of wrong materials or to wrong locations, and poor customer service.
77. Summary (cont.) Solutions to supply chains problem provided by EC: automate/expedite order taking, speed order fulfillment, provide e-payments, control inventories, provide for correct forecasting and scheduling, and improve collaboration among partners C-commerce: Definitions and types: planned use of digital technology by business partners.
78. Summary (cont.) Collaborative planning: concentrates on demand forecasting and on resource and activity planning along the supply chain. CPFR: business strategy that develops standard protocols and procedures for collaboration. Intrabusiness: all EC initiatives conducted within an organization.
79. Summary (cont.) Integration along the supply chain: critical to the success of companies. Types and roles of corporate portals: for suppliers, customers, employees, and supervisors. Collaborative tools: workflow, groupware, GDSS, devices that facilitate product design
