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Ch2

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This document provides an overview of cognitive neuroscience, exploring how it studies the brain to understand the mind. It discusses how cognitive neuroscience combines cognitive psychology and neuroscience to relate specific brain regions and functions to cognitive processes. Various brain imaging techniques are described that cognitive neuroscientists use as tools to examine brain structure and function, and correlate these with behavior and cognition.

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Chapter 2 Cognitive Neuroscience
Overview Exploring the Brain 21 st Century – Brain Sciences Central Nervous System Cortical Functioning Two Hemispheres Cognitive Neuroscience The Neuroscientists’ Toolbox
Exploring the Brain New ways to study Cognitive Psychology Human brain – Next frontier The brain is small but vast Basic brain geography already known Now map out specific regions and functions and relate them to cognitive processes
21 st Century – Brain Science Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive psychology + neuroscience Study the brain, learn about the mind
Mind-Body Issues Physical versus mental world Do these worlds co-exist? Body Physical world Laws and objects (incl. brain) Mind Psychological World Laws and thoughts (cognition)
Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS: Brain and spinal cord The Neuron Dendrites Cell body Axon Presynaptic terminals Synapse
The Neuron Copyright 2002 Allyn & Bacon
Anatomy of the Brain Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thalamus Midbrain Pons Cerebellum Medulla
Anatomy of the Brain Cerebral cortex Sensory-motor areas Contralaterality Lobes of the cerebral cortex Frontal lobes Temporal lobes Parietal lobes Occipital lobes
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Cortical Functioning Phrenology Bumps = Character, personality, etc. Pseudoscience http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pseudo.html Localization Phantom Limbs Ramachandran
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Tale of Two Hemispheres Contralaterality of the brain Corpus callosum Cerebral commissurotomy Anatomy of visual pathway Split brain research Sperry & Gazzaniga Brief visual presentation Only one hemisphere can process
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Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive + Neuroscience These two disciplines help each other. Physical evidence for theoretical structures of the mind Relate their findings to comprehensive models of cognition Correlate brain pathology and behavior Build models of the mind that include neurological functions Simulate human cognition with computer models of neurological functioning Imaging techniques reveal structure and process
Neuroscientists’ Toolbox EEG Record neuron events CT Scans 180 degree X-ray Structure PET Scans Radioactive tracer shows glucose use in the brain Process MRI Electromagnets Structure fMRI Electromagnets ( www.csulb.edu/~cwallis/482/fmri/fmri.html ) Structure and function Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2
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Neuroscientists’ Toolbox MEG Magnetic fields Process TMS Used with EEG or MEG Effects of changes in brain electrical activity Process Micro CT Uses CT to scan via microscope 3D images of very small structures

More Related Content

Ch2

  • 1. Chapter 2 Cognitive Neuroscience
  • 2. Overview Exploring the Brain 21 st Century – Brain Sciences Central Nervous System Cortical Functioning Two Hemispheres Cognitive Neuroscience The Neuroscientists’ Toolbox
  • 3. Exploring the Brain New ways to study Cognitive Psychology Human brain – Next frontier The brain is small but vast Basic brain geography already known Now map out specific regions and functions and relate them to cognitive processes
  • 4. 21 st Century – Brain Science Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive psychology + neuroscience Study the brain, learn about the mind
  • 5. Mind-Body Issues Physical versus mental world Do these worlds co-exist? Body Physical world Laws and objects (incl. brain) Mind Psychological World Laws and thoughts (cognition)
  • 6. Central Nervous System (CNS) CNS: Brain and spinal cord The Neuron Dendrites Cell body Axon Presynaptic terminals Synapse
  • 7. The Neuron Copyright 2002 Allyn & Bacon
  • 8. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thalamus Midbrain Pons Cerebellum Medulla
  • 9. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebral cortex Sensory-motor areas Contralaterality Lobes of the cerebral cortex Frontal lobes Temporal lobes Parietal lobes Occipital lobes
  • 10. Ìý
  • 11. Cortical Functioning Phrenology Bumps = Character, personality, etc. Pseudoscience http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/pseudo.html Localization Phantom Limbs Ramachandran
  • 12. Ìý
  • 13. Tale of Two Hemispheres Contralaterality of the brain Corpus callosum Cerebral commissurotomy Anatomy of visual pathway Split brain research Sperry & Gazzaniga Brief visual presentation Only one hemisphere can process
  • 14. Ìý
  • 15. Ìý
  • 16. Ìý
  • 17. Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive + Neuroscience These two disciplines help each other. Physical evidence for theoretical structures of the mind Relate their findings to comprehensive models of cognition Correlate brain pathology and behavior Build models of the mind that include neurological functions Simulate human cognition with computer models of neurological functioning Imaging techniques reveal structure and process
  • 18. Neuroscientists’ Toolbox EEG Record neuron events CT Scans 180 degree X-ray Structure PET Scans Radioactive tracer shows glucose use in the brain Process MRI Electromagnets Structure fMRI Electromagnets ( www.csulb.edu/~cwallis/482/fmri/fmri.html ) Structure and function Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2 Ìý ÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌýÌý Spin-spin relation time T2
  • 19. Ìý
  • 20. Ìý
  • 21. Ìý
  • 22. Ìý
  • 23. Ìý
  • 25. Neuroscientists’ Toolbox MEG Magnetic fields Process TMS Used with EEG or MEG Effects of changes in brain electrical activity Process Micro CT Uses CT to scan via microscope 3D images of very small structures