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Chap1 basic

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Samarpita Samaddar
Samarpita Samaddar

The document provides information about computer generations and applications. It discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation focusing on artificial intelligence. It also outlines several common applications of computers including education, banking, science, business, government, and entertainment. Classification of computers is also covered including supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, servers, and microcomputers.

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Course Assessment Class Participation : 10% Test /Assignment/IT Quiz : 10% Presentation : 10% Mid - Term Exam : 10% End -Term Exam : 60% TOTAL : 100% 1
CHAPTER 1 Basics of Computing 1.1 Computer Applications 1.2 What is a Computer? 1.3 Computer Generations 1.4 Classification of Computers 2
Computer Application Education Banking System Science/Aerospace Business & Marketing Government Entertainment 3
Applications At Home Mostly to check mails Small documentation Gaming Music and Video To solve homework Photo Printouts using Good Printers
Applications.. In Education Schools to Universities To Educate necessary skills demanded by Industries To give a demo or training Server the purpose of Teaching Aids To convey messages using Internet
Applications In Science To analyze large data acquired over a period of time To do complex floating point arithmetic Image Processing Research
Applications. In Industry To develop software, mostly to automate the manual work To provide necessary solution to clients needs Software is developed for the needs of networking, banking, business, retail etc
Applications.. Entertainment Music Industry Games Movies to watch and create 200 Linux Machines in parallel to create visualization in Titanic, the movie Cartoons, special effects Nowadays to promote theirs productions
Business Banking To store, access and modify huge amounts of data Online business called e-business is becoming popular with a small amount of limitations Paying bills become easy and time saving online promotions
Applications Government Biometrics Attendance Monitoring Weather Forecasting and military applications Online payment of taxes, Insurances
What is a Computer? System Unit A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use 11
Computer Generation 1. 1st Generation 2. 2nd Generation 3. 3rd Generation 4. 4th Generation 5. 5th Generation 12
First Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 1946-1958
Second Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 1946-1958 1959-1964
Third Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970
Fourth Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits 1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present
Fifth Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits 5. Artificial Intelligence 1944-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present Present & Beyond
1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes Gave off so much heat Input and output IBM Punched Card (input) media were punched cards and magnetic tapes Very large in size, taking up entire rooms. Magnetic Tapes (output) Vacuum Tubes (memory) 18
UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 19
2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor Vacuum tubes were replaced with transistors An electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster. 20
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3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integrated Circuit An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor. The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers. Keyboards and monitors were used. Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage 22
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4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it. Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-scale computer smaller in size , faster in speed. These circuit integrations are known as Large- scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers. 24
5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence Fifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications. such as voice recognition, that are being used today Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans. AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc.. 25
Questions List the 5 generations of computers. Magnetic tapes and vacuum tubes were used in which generation? We are now in the _____ generation. Processor = microprocessor = CPU ( T/F?) 26
Classification of Computers (1) Supercomputers The Fastest computer Used for intensive numerical Computation The most expensive. process billions of instructions in a second Can have hundreds of processors. Speed is measured in nanoseconds used by some exclusive group only Main memory around >64 GB & Secondary Storage In TeraByte scientific research, weather forecasting, climate research (global warming), 27
(2)Mainframe s 1 to 16 CPUs (modern machines more) Organizations such as banks & insurance companies which process large number of transactions on-line. Process data at very high speed Less expensive than Supercomputer used for processing large amount of data user work with terminal e.g. IBM Mainframe 28
(3)Workstations Powerful desktop computers Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications, software development, application that require a high amount of computing power 29
(4)Servers designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network resources. Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server. Server computers usually have following characteristics: Designed to be connected to one or more networks The most powerful CPUs available Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks Large memory and disk storage High-speed communications capabilities 30
(5)Microcomputers / PC The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase. Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself. 31
Why are COMPUTERS so Useful? Storage Reliability Speed Accuracy Communication Versatile No Emotions 32
Questions advantages of computers? Supercomputers are used for _______ What are portable computers? 33

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Chap1 basic

  • 1. Course Assessment Class Participation : 10% Test /Assignment/IT Quiz : 10% Presentation : 10% Mid - Term Exam : 10% End -Term Exam : 60% TOTAL : 100% 1
  • 2. CHAPTER 1 Basics of Computing 1.1 Computer Applications 1.2 What is a Computer? 1.3 Computer Generations 1.4 Classification of Computers 2
  • 3. Computer Application Education Banking System Science/Aerospace Business & Marketing Government Entertainment 3
  • 4. Applications At Home Mostly to check mails Small documentation Gaming Music and Video To solve homework Photo Printouts using Good Printers
  • 5. Applications.. In Education Schools to Universities To Educate necessary skills demanded by Industries To give a demo or training Server the purpose of Teaching Aids To convey messages using Internet
  • 6. Applications In Science To analyze large data acquired over a period of time To do complex floating point arithmetic Image Processing Research
  • 7. Applications. In Industry To develop software, mostly to automate the manual work To provide necessary solution to clients needs Software is developed for the needs of networking, banking, business, retail etc
  • 8. Applications.. Entertainment Music Industry Games Movies to watch and create 200 Linux Machines in parallel to create visualization in Titanic, the movie Cartoons, special effects Nowadays to promote theirs productions
  • 9. Business Banking To store, access and modify huge amounts of data Online business called e-business is becoming popular with a small amount of limitations Paying bills become easy and time saving online promotions
  • 10. Applications Government Biometrics Attendance Monitoring Weather Forecasting and military applications Online payment of taxes, Insurances
  • 11. What is a Computer? System Unit A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use 11
  • 12. Computer Generation 1. 1st Generation 2. 2nd Generation 3. 3rd Generation 4. 4th Generation 5. 5th Generation 12
  • 13. First Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 1946-1958
  • 14. Second Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 1946-1958 1959-1964
  • 15. Third Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970
  • 16. Fourth Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits 1946-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present
  • 17. Fifth Generation of Computers 1. Vacuum tubes 2. Transistors 3. Integrated circuits 4. VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits 5. Artificial Intelligence 1944-1958 1959-1964 1964-1970 1971 - present Present & Beyond
  • 18. 1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes Gave off so much heat Input and output IBM Punched Card (input) media were punched cards and magnetic tapes Very large in size, taking up entire rooms. Magnetic Tapes (output) Vacuum Tubes (memory) 18
  • 19. UNIVAC UNIVersal Automatic Computer ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 19
  • 20. 2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor Vacuum tubes were replaced with transistors An electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster. 20
  • 21. 21
  • 22. 3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integrated Circuit An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor. The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers. Keyboards and monitors were used. Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage 22
  • 23. 23
  • 24. 4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it. Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-scale computer smaller in size , faster in speed. These circuit integrations are known as Large- scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers. 24
  • 25. 5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence Fifth generation computing devices, based on Artificial Intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications. such as voice recognition, that are being used today Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans. AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc.. 25
  • 26. Questions List the 5 generations of computers. Magnetic tapes and vacuum tubes were used in which generation? We are now in the _____ generation. Processor = microprocessor = CPU ( T/F?) 26
  • 27. Classification of Computers (1) Supercomputers The Fastest computer Used for intensive numerical Computation The most expensive. process billions of instructions in a second Can have hundreds of processors. Speed is measured in nanoseconds used by some exclusive group only Main memory around >64 GB & Secondary Storage In TeraByte scientific research, weather forecasting, climate research (global warming), 27
  • 28. (2)Mainframe s 1 to 16 CPUs (modern machines more) Organizations such as banks & insurance companies which process large number of transactions on-line. Process data at very high speed Less expensive than Supercomputer used for processing large amount of data user work with terminal e.g. IBM Mainframe 28
  • 29. (3)Workstations Powerful desktop computers Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications, software development, application that require a high amount of computing power 29
  • 30. (4)Servers designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network resources. Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server. Server computers usually have following characteristics: Designed to be connected to one or more networks The most powerful CPUs available Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks Large memory and disk storage High-speed communications capabilities 30
  • 31. (5)Microcomputers / PC The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase. Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself. 31
  • 32. Why are COMPUTERS so Useful? Storage Reliability Speed Accuracy Communication Versatile No Emotions 32
  • 33. Questions advantages of computers? Supercomputers are used for _______ What are portable computers? 33

Editor's Notes

  1. AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc.