Chapter 1 medical terminology
- 2. INTRODUCTION Word Parts Combining Parts to Form Words/Rules Pronunciation Abbreviations, Symbols and Acronyms
- 3. ORIGINS OF MEDICAL LANGUAGE Ancient Greeks and Romans Hippocrates Father of Western Medicine Roman Empire Latin German, French, English terms Now 90% of terms are of Greek and Latin origin.
- 4. STRUCTURE AND WORD PARTS Analyze medical terms by dividing them into their component parts - 4 ROOT foundation of the word. Gives the word its meaning Examples: cardi = heart Pneum = air or lung Gastr = stomach Neur = nerve Ur = urine Hemat = blood All medical terms have one or more roots
- 5. WORD PARTS (cont) COMBINING FORMS Combination of the root and the combining vowel most commonly O May also be an I Links root to suffix or root to another root Makes word easier to pronounce and spell. Written as root/o Examples: Gastr/o Pneum/o Hemat/o Path/o = disease
- 6. WORD PARTS (con t) SUFFIXES Word Endings Adds information or modifies root Examples: Logy = study of 損 Cardiology = study of the heart Ac = pertaining to 損 Cardiac = pertaining to the heart Itis = inflammation 損 Carditis = Inflammation of the heart Megaly = enlargement 損 Cardiomegaly = enlarged heart
- 7. WORD PARTS (cont) PREFIXES Small word before the root. Pre= before Not all terms have prefixes Modifies the root Examples Hyper = Excessive, increased Hypo = Less, decreased Bi = two or both Anti = against Post = after A=no, not, without Sub = under Trans = across
- 8. COMBINING PARTS TO FORM WORDS 4 Standard ways: Root or combining form Phleb/o =vein Above + additional root or combining form Thrombophleb/o = clot in a vein Above + Suffix Thrombophlebitis = inflammation of a vein with clotting Prefix + above Postthrombophebitis = after inflammation of a vein with clotting (recovery)
- 9. GENERAL RULES Read the meaning of the medical term from the suffix, back to the beginning of the term and then across Drop the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Gastritis, not gastroitis Keep the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a consonant Cardiology, not cardilogy Keep the combining form between two roots Electr/o/cardi/o/gram Oste/o/arthritis
- 10. PRONUNCIATION General Rules: Only the s sound in ps is pronounced Pseudomonas g and c assume the soft sounds of j and s when used before e, I and y Examples: gene, gingivitis, cycle, cytology g and c have a hard sound in front of other letters Examples: cardiac, gastric, cornea, Only the n sound in pn is pronounced Pneumonia Review pronunciation key in text
- 11. PLURALS AND ADJECTIVES Plurals can be confusing. General rules: If term ends in an a , drop a and add ae vertebra, vertebrae If term ends in is, drop is and add es Diagnosis, diagnoses If term ends in y, drop the y and add ies Therapy, therapies If term ends in um, drop the um and add an a Bacterium, bacteria
- 12. ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS Review common charting abbreviations and symbols in text Symbols Increasing, decreasing Male, female Memorization required Each facility/hospital has their own approved abbreviations list.
- 13. ACRONYMS Are abbreviations formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase. Very commonly used in health care Examples: ATM, UPS commonly used in everyday life ASAP VS BP SOB