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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

Knowledge on health risks of food and herbal supplements among ULS faculty member

This chapter presents the analysis made by the researchers after a rigid analysis with the

use of prescribed statistical tools in measuring the validity and accuracy of the respondents about

the different information or data gathered with the used survey questionnaire.

Part I – Profile of the Respondents

The data gathered were presented in tables with designated interpretation and analysis.

Table1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Age of Female
Users

AGE BRACKET FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
35-39 7 23
40-44 7 23
45-49 5 17
50-54 8 27
55-59 1 3
60-64 2 7
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 1, there are 27% of female users who are at the age of 50-54. And the

least female users, are at the age of 55-59 with a percentage of 3%. 7 or 23% belongs to age

bracket of 35-39 and 40-44years old. 5 or 17% belong s to the age bracket of 45-49 years old. 2

or 7% belongs to the age bracket of 60-64 years old.

Table 2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Age of Male

Users

AGE BRACKET FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
35-39 4 40
40-44 3 30
45-49 0 0
50-54 0 0
55-59 2 20
60-64 1 10
TOTAL 10 100

As shown in table 2, most male users are at the age of 35-39, with a percentage of 40 or

4. And the least male users are at the age of 60-64 with a percentage of 10 or 1. 30% or 3 are at

the age of 40-44. 20% or 2 are at the age bracket of 55-59.It shows that majority of the

respondents were at the age bracket of 50-54 years old for female and 35-39years old for male.

Table 3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Gender

GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Male 10 25
Female 30 75
TOTAL 40 100

As presented on table 3, most of the respondents are female with a percentage of 75. And

25% or 10 were male users of food supplements and herbal products. It shows that majority of

the respondents are female.

Table 4. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Educational

Attainment of Female Users

EDUCATIONAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ATTAINMENT
College Graduate 3 10
Masteral 26 87
Doctorate 1 3
TOTAL 30 100

As presented in table 4, 26 or 87% from the female respondents are masteral graduate. 3

or 10% are college graduate and 1 or 3% who finished doctoral.

Table 5. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Educational

Attainment of male Users

EDUCATIONAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
ATTAINMENT
College Graduate 1 10
Masteral 9 90
Doctorate 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 5, there were 9 or 90% male users who graduated with master‟s

degree. And only 1 or 1% is college graduate. It shows that majority of the respondents are

masteral graduate.

Table 6. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Civil Status of

Female Users

CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Single 0 0
Married 28 94
Widowed 1 3
Separated 1 3
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 6, 28 or 94% are the married female users. 3% are the widowed and

separated female users.

Table 7. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Civil Status of

Male Users

CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Single 0 0
Married 10 100
Widowed 0 0
Separated 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 7, all male respondents were married. It shows that majority of the

respondents were married.

Table 8. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Religion of

Female Users

RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Roman Catholic 0 0
Iglesia Ni Cristo 30 100
Protestant 0 0
TOTAL 30 100

As shown, on table 8,all of the female respondents are Roman Catholic in religion with a

percentage of 100.

Table 9. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Religion of

Male Users

RELIGION FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
Roman Catholic 10 100
Iglesia Ni Cristo 0 0
Protestant 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As gleaned on table 9, all of the male respondents are Roman Catholic in religion with a

percentage of 100. It shows that all of the respondents are Roman Catholic.

Table 10. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Type of Food

Supplement Used by Female Users

TYPE OF FOOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SUPPLEMENT
HERBAL TEA 5 17
HERBAL CAPSULE 4 13
HERBAL JUICE 4 13
AMPALAYA TEA 4 13
AMPALAYA CAPSULE 0 0
HERBAL EXTRACT 0 0
PROBIOTICS 4 13

VITAMINS 9 31
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 10, 31% or 9 of female use vitamins. 17% or 5 of them use herbal

tea and 13% or 4 of them use herbal capsule, herbal juice, ampalaya tea, and probiotics.

Table 11. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Type of Food

Supplement Used by Male Users

TYPE OF FOOD FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
SUPPLEMENT
HERBAL TEA 3 30
HERBAL CAPSULE 2 20
HERBAL JUICE 1 10
AMPALAYA TEA 1 10
AMPALAYA CAPSULE 0 0
HERBAL EXTRACT 1 10
PROBIOTICS 1 10
VITAMINS 1 10
TOTAL 10 100

As shown on table 11, most of the male use herbal tea with a percentage of 30. 20% of

them use herbal capsule. And 10% of them use herbal juice, herbal extract, probiotics and

vitamins.It shows that majority of the respondents use vitamins.

Table 12. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Length of

time that Female Users have been using the Food Supplement

LENGTH OF TIME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

LESS THAN 6 MOS. 16 53
6 MOS. – 1 YEAR 6 20
1 YEAR-5 YEARS 8 27
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 12, most of the female use herbal supplements for less than 6 months

with a percentage of 16. 27% of them use herbal supplements for almost 6 months – 1 year.

20% or 6 of them use herbal supplement for 6 months-1year.

Table 13. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Length of

time that Male Users have been using the Food Supplement

LENGTH OF TIME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
LESS THAN 6 MOS. 5 50
6 MOS. – 1 YEAR 2 20
1 YEAR-5 YEARS 3 30
TOTAL 10 100

As shown on table 13, male use herbal supplements for less than 6 months with a

percentage of 50. 30% of them use herbal supplements for 1 year- 5 years. And 20% of them use

herbal supplements for almost 6 months- 1 year.It shows that majority of the respondents use

herbal supplements for less than 6 months.

Table 14. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Benefits

gained by Female Users

BENEFITS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

RELIEF OF SYMPTOMS 4 13
WEIGHT GAIN 0 0
WEIGHT LOSS 5 17
REGULATION OF BP 0 0
REGULATION OF SUGAR 5 17
IMPROVEMENT IN 16 53
FUNCTIONING
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 14, 53% of female users stated improvement in functioning as health

benefits when using herbal products. 17% of them stated weight loss and regulation of blood

sugar as their health benefits. 13% of them stated a relief of symptoms as their health benefits.

Table 15. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Benefits

gained by Male Users

BENEFITS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
RELIEF OF SYMPTOMS 0 0
WEIGHT GAIN 0 0
WEIGHT LOSS 1 10
REGULATION OF BP 1 10
REGULATION OF SUGAR 2 20
IMPROVEMENT IN 6 60
FUNCTIONING
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 15, 60% of male users stated improvement in functioning as their

health benefits in using herbal products. 20% of them stated regulation of blood sugar. 10% of

them stated regulation of blood pressure and weight loss as their health benefits. It shows that

majority of the respondents improved their functioning when using herbal products.

Table 16. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Common

Side Effects Experienced by Female Users

SIDE EFFECT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
WEIGHT LOSS 3 10
DIARRHEA 3 10
NONE 24 80
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 16, 80% of female users stated that there are no side effects of food

supplements and herbal products. 10% of them stated weight loss and diarrhea as side effects.

Table 17. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to the Common

Side Effects Experienced by Male Users

SIDE EFFECT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
WEIGHT GAIN 1 10
WEIGHT LOSS 1 10
ORANGE URINE 1 10
NONE 7 70
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 17, 70% of female users stated that there were no side effects of

food and herbal supplements. 10% stated that weight gain, weight loss and orange urine are the

side effects.

It shows that majority of the respondents experienced no side effects when using food and herbal

products.

Table 18. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Whom the

Female Users knew of this product

WHO RECOMMENDED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
THE PRODUCT
DOCTOR 12 40
CO-WORKER 12 40
NEIGHBOR 0 0
RELATIVE 6 20
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 18, 40% of female users knew the products through co-worker and

through recommendations of doctor. 20% of them knew the product through relatives.

Table 19. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Whom the Male

Users knew of this product

WHO RECOMMENDED FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
THE PRODUCT
DOCTOR 3 30
CO-WORKER 3 30
NEIGHBOR 0 0
RELATIVE 4 40
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 19, 40% of male users knew the products through relatives and

30% of them knew the products through doctor and co-workers.It shows that majority of the

respondents knew the products through co-workers and recommendations of doctor.

Table 20. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents on How Female Users knew of

this product

HOW THEY KNEW OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
THIS PRODUCT
TV 17 57
RADIO 0 0
PRINT MEDIA 1 3
WORD OF MOUTH 12 40
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table20, 57% of the female users knew the products by watching on

advertisements via television. 3% of them knew the products via print media.

Table 21. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents on How Male Users knew of

this product

HOW THEY KNEW OF FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
THIS PRODUCT
TV 6 60
RADIO 0 0
PRINT MEDIA 0 0
WORD OF MOUTH 4 40
TOTAL 10

As shown on table 21, 60% of the male users knew the products via television. And 40%

of them knew the products through word of mouth. It shows that majority of the respondents

knew the products through watching television.

Table 22. Frequency and Percentage Distribution According to Female User‟s Reason for

patronizing the product

REASON FOR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PATRONIZING
HEALTH BENEFITS 23 77
SERVES AS MEDICAL 1 3
SUBSTITUTE
FEAR OF ACQUIRING 6 20
DISEASE
COST 0 0
TREND 0 0
TOTAL 30 100

As presented on table 22, 77% of female users stated that health benefits were the reasons

for patronizing the product. 3% of them stated that food and herbal supplements serve as medical

substitute.

Table 23. Frequency and Percentage Distribution According to Female User‟s Reason for

patronizing the product

REASON FOR FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
PATRONIZING
HEALTH BENEFITS 7 70
SERVES AS MEDICAL 0 0
SUBSTITUTE
FEAR OF ACQUIRING 1 10
DISEASE
COST 0 0
TREND 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As gleaned on table 23, 70% of male users stated that health benefits were the reason for

patronizing the products. 10% of them stated that they are afraid of acquiring a disease as the

reason of patronizing the product.It shows that majority of the respondents continue patronizing

the products because of health benefits it give.

Table 23. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Female Users on what they answered to the

question “HAVE YOU EXPERIENCED SYMPTOMS OR ANY DISEASE PROCESS?”

ANSWER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
YES 25 83
NO 5 17
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 23, 83% of female users answered yes when asked if they

experienced any symptoms of any disease process. 17% of them answered no.

Table 24. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Male Users on what they answered to the

question “HAVE YOU EXPERIENCED SYMPTOMS OR ANY DISEASE PROCESS?”

YES 10 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As shown on table 24, 100% of male users answered yes when asked if they experienced

symptoms of any disease process. It shows that majority of the respondents experienced

symptoms of any disease process.


question “DO YOU TREAT THEM WITH MEDICATIONS?”


YES 24 80
NO 6 20
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 25, 80% of female users answered yes when asked if they treat their

disease with medications. 20% of them answered no.


question “DO YOU TREAT THEM WITH MEDICATIONS?”

YES 10 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As shown on table 26, 100% of male users answered yes when asked if they treat their

disease with medications. It shows that majority of the respondents treat their disease with

medications.


question “DO YOU CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE TAKING THIS MEDICATION?”

YES 26 87
NO 4 13
TOTAL 30 100

As presented on table 27, 87% of female users consult their doctor before taking

medications. 13% of them are not consulting their doctor.


question “DO YOU CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR BEFORE TAKING THIS MEDICATION?”

YES 8 80
NO 2 20
TOTAL 10 10

As presented on table 28, 80% of male users consult their doctor before taking

medications. And 20% of them are not consulting their doctor. It shows that majority of the

respondents consult their doctor before taking medications.


question “DO YOU USE NATURAL PRODUCTS?”

YES 27 90
NO 3 10
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 29, 90% of female use natural products. 10% of them doesn‟t use

natural products.


question “DO YOU USE NATURAL PRODUCTS?”

YES 10 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As shown on table 30, 100% of male use natural products. It shows that majority of the

respondents are using natural products.


question “ARE YOU USING FOOD SUPPLEMENTS?”

YES 27 90
NO 3 10
TOTAL 30 100
As presented on table 29, 90% of female use food supplements. And 10% of them are not

using.


question “ARE YOU USING FOOD SUPPLEMENTS?”

YES 10 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As gleaned on table 30, 100% of male use food supplements. It shows that majority of the

respondents use food supplements.


question “HAVE YOU BEEN TAKING IT FOR A LONG TIME?”

YES 20 67
NO 10 33
TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 31, 67% of female users said they are taking the food supplement for a

long time. 33% of them answered no.


question “HAVE YOU BEEN TAKING IT FOR A LONG TIME?”

YES 6 60
NO 4 40
TOTAL 10 10

As presented on table 32, 60% of male users said they are taking the food supplement for

a long time. And 40% answered no. It shows that majority of the respondents take the food

supplements for a long time.


question “DO YOU EXPERIENCE RELIEF OF SYMPTOMS?”

YES 30 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 30 100

As gleaned on table 33, 100% of female users experienced relief of symptoms when

taking of food supplements.


question “DO YOU EXPERIENCE RELIEF OF SYMPTOMS?”

YES 10 100
NO 0 0
TOTAL 10 100

As presented on table 34, 100% of male users experienced relief of symptoms when

using food supplements. It shows that all the respondents experienced a relief of symptoms.


question “DO YOU EXPERIENCE SIDE EFFECTS?”

YES 9 30
NO 21 70

TOTAL 30 100

As shown on table 35, 70% of female users stated they did not experienced side effects.

30% of them stated they do experienced side effects of food supplements.


question “DO YOU EXPERIENCE SIDE EFFECTS?”

YES 4 40
NO 6 60
TOTAL 10 100

As gleaned on table 36, most of the female users experienced side effects with a

percentage of 60.

40% answerethay did not experienced any side effects. It shows that majority of the respondents

do not experienced side effects brought by the food supplements.


question “DO YOU KNOW THAT SUPPLEMENTS ARE NOT TESTED BY FDA?”

VERY 10 33
KNOWLEDGEABLE
KNOWLEDGEABLE 14 47

SLIGHTLY 5 17
KNOWLEDGEABLE
NOT KNOWLEDGEABLE 1 3
TOTAL 30 100
WEIGHTED MEAN 3.1
INTERPRETATION KNOWLEDGEABLE

As presented on table 37, as 3.1weighted mean, it shows that female users are

knowledgeable that food supplements are not tested by FDA.


question “DO YOU KNOW THAT SUPPLEMENTS ARE NOT TESTED BY FDA?”

VERY 3 30
KNOWLEDGEABLE
KNOWLEDGEABLE 3 30
SLIGHTLY 3 30
KNOWLEDGEABLE
NOT 1 10
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 10 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 2.8

As presented on table 38, as 2.8 weighted mean, it shows that male users are

knowledgeable that food supplements are not tested by FDA. It shows that majority of the

respondents are knowledgeable that food supplements are not tested by FDA.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE MEANING OF „NO APPROVED THERAPEUTIC

CLAIMS?”

VERY 27 90
KNOWLEDGEABLE
KNOWLEDGEABLE 2 7
SLIGHTLY 1 3
KNOWLEDGEABLE
NOT 0 0
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 30 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.86
INTERPRETATION VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE

As shown on table 39, as 3.86 weighted mean, it shows that female are very

knowledgeable about the meaning of “ NO APPROVED THERAPEUTIC CLAIMS”


question “DO YOU KNOW THE MEANING OF „NO APPROVED THERAPEUTIC

CLAIMS?”

VERY KNOWLEDGEABLE 8 80
KNOWLEDGEABLE 1 10
SLIGHTLY 1 10
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 10 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.7

As shown on table 40, as 3.7 weighted mean, it shows that male are very knowledgeable

about the meaning of “ NO APPROVED THERAPEUTIC CLAIMS” it shows that majority of

the respondents are very knowledgeable about the meaning of “ NO APPROVED

THERAPEUTIC CLAIMS.”


question “DO YOU KNOW THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTS THAT YOU ARE

TAKING?”

KNOWLEDGEABLE 8 27
SLIGHTLY 4 13
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 30 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.37

As shown on table 41, as 3.37 weighted mean, it shows that female users are very

knowledgeable about the effects of food supplements that they are taking.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTS THAT YOU ARE

TAKING?”


KNOWLEDGEABLE 1 10
SLIGHTLY 1 10
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 10 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.1

As shown on table 42, as 3.1 weighted mean, it shows that male users are knowledgeable

about the effects of food supplements that they are taking. It shows that majority of the

respondents are very knowledgeable about the effects of supplements that they are taking.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE HEALTH RISKS WHEN TAKING THESE

SUPPLEMENTS?”

KNOWLEDGEABLE 10 33
SLIGHTLY 10 33
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 30 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 2.9

As gleaned on table 43, as 2.9 weighted mean, it shows that female users are

knowledgeable about the health risks of taking these food supplements.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE HEALTH RISKS WHEN TAKING THESE

SUPPLEMENTS?”

KNOWLEDGEABLE 3 30
SLIGHTLY 4 40
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 10 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 2.3
INTERPRETATION SLIGHTLY KNOWLEDGEABLE

As gleaned on table 44, as 2.3 weighted mean, it shows that male users are slightly

knowledgeable about the health risks of taking these food supplements.It shows that majority of

the respondents are slightly knowlegeable about the health risks of these food supplements.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF THESE SUPPLEMENTS?”

KNOWLEDGEABLE 9 30
SLIGHTLY 0 0
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 30 100
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.7

As presented on table 45, as 3.7 weighted mean, it shows that female users are very

knowledgeable about the health benefits of the food supplements they are taking.


question “DO YOU KNOW THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF THESE SUPPLEMENTS?”

KNOWLEDGEABLE 1 1
SLIGHTLY 1 1
KNOWLEDGEABLE
TOTAL 10 10
WEIGHTEDMEAN 3.7

As gleaned on table 46, as 3.7 weighted mean, it shows that male users are very

knowledgeable on the health benefits of the food supplements they are taking. It shows that

majority of the respondents are very knowledgeable on the health benefits of the food

supplements they are taking.

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Chapter 4

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Chapter 4