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Chapter 9

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Youngjoon Bae

The document discusses the process of evaluating social policies after implementation. It describes how policy outcomes can lead to refinements of the original policy or new claims that the policy was insufficient, excessive, or misguided. Policy evaluations face methodological challenges and are often conducted by social problems workers, policy subjects, original claimsmakers, or counterclaimsmakers. Impartial evaluations use methods like experiments or non-experimental studies across time or locations. Ideology also influences debates around whether a policy was a success, failure, or needs more work based on priorities of equality vs. liberty.

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Social Problems Chapter 9 Youngjoon Bae
Policy Outcomes 際際滷 1 How was the outcome of the Nineteenth Amendment (granting women the right to vote) different from the outcome of the Eighteenth Amendment (prohibiting alcohol)? Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Policy Outcomes 際際滷 2 Policy outcomes Reactions people have once social problems workers have implemented a policy Possible policy outcomes Often implementation leads to refinement of the policy Understanding that the new policy is not enough to manage the troubling condition Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
New Claims 際際滷 1 New claims can arise based on evaluations of the policy in question. Types of policy criticisms 1. Policy was insufficient More needs to be done to solve the problem. The original policy was aimed too narrowly. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
New Claims 際際滷 2 2. Policy was excessive Original policy was overly broad Needs to be limited to become more successful 3. Policy was misguided Condition is real but policy not successful at eradication The condition is not actually a social problem. The policy actually makes the troubling condition worse Implementation (social problems work) is not meeting the expectations of claimsmakers Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Who Are Policy Critics? 際際滷 1 Social problems workers They know policy intimately and are often the most ambivalent about its implementation. Subjects They deal with the perceived inadequacies of the policy and hope to make it better. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Who Are Policy Critics? 際際滷 2 Original claimsmakers They can see how policy does not fulfill their original vision. Counterclaimsmakers They dislike the original claims and policy and wish to overturn them. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Evaluating Policy 際際滷 1 Impartial evaluations of policy effectiveness are difficult to conduct. The methods used to evaluate policies are a concern, as is the choice of who evaluates them. Evaluation research: social-scientific assessments of a policys effectiveness Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Evaluating Policy 際際滷 2 Experiments are rarely used to measure policy effectiveness. Nonexperimental studies are more common. Evaluate across time: compare the troubling condition before and after policy implementation Evaluate across place: compare the troubling condition in two locations, one with and one without the policy Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Evaluating Policy 際際滷 3 Methodological concerns Quality of evidence available for analysis Constraints on what can be gathered (confidentiality, etc.) Accuracy of records Consistency of record collection procedures Bias in evaluators, especially if they are internal to the social problems process Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Evaluating Policy 際際滷 4 Special groups are created for policy evaluation. National, state and local commissions are meant to lend credibility to the evaluation process. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Evaluating Policy 際際滷 5 Appellate courts act as policy evaluators. They are sometimes asked to rule on the constitutionality of a policy. They are asked to alter policy in a number of ways Implementation timetables Expand or narrow the range of persons the policy affects Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company Policy Debates Ideology often breaks down policy outcomes into predictable sides. Leftist ideologies stress equality and concerns about discrimination and need for equality. Rightist ideologies stress liberty and order. A policy may be regarded as a success, a failure, or in need of additional work.

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Chapter 9

  • 2. Policy Outcomes 際際滷 1 How was the outcome of the Nineteenth Amendment (granting women the right to vote) different from the outcome of the Eighteenth Amendment (prohibiting alcohol)? Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 3. Policy Outcomes 際際滷 2 Policy outcomes Reactions people have once social problems workers have implemented a policy Possible policy outcomes Often implementation leads to refinement of the policy Understanding that the new policy is not enough to manage the troubling condition Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 4. New Claims 際際滷 1 New claims can arise based on evaluations of the policy in question. Types of policy criticisms 1. Policy was insufficient More needs to be done to solve the problem. The original policy was aimed too narrowly. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 5. New Claims 際際滷 2 2. Policy was excessive Original policy was overly broad Needs to be limited to become more successful 3. Policy was misguided Condition is real but policy not successful at eradication The condition is not actually a social problem. The policy actually makes the troubling condition worse Implementation (social problems work) is not meeting the expectations of claimsmakers Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 6. Who Are Policy Critics? 際際滷 1 Social problems workers They know policy intimately and are often the most ambivalent about its implementation. Subjects They deal with the perceived inadequacies of the policy and hope to make it better. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 7. Who Are Policy Critics? 際際滷 2 Original claimsmakers They can see how policy does not fulfill their original vision. Counterclaimsmakers They dislike the original claims and policy and wish to overturn them. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 8. Evaluating Policy 際際滷 1 Impartial evaluations of policy effectiveness are difficult to conduct. The methods used to evaluate policies are a concern, as is the choice of who evaluates them. Evaluation research: social-scientific assessments of a policys effectiveness Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 9. Evaluating Policy 際際滷 2 Experiments are rarely used to measure policy effectiveness. Nonexperimental studies are more common. Evaluate across time: compare the troubling condition before and after policy implementation Evaluate across place: compare the troubling condition in two locations, one with and one without the policy Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 10. Evaluating Policy 際際滷 3 Methodological concerns Quality of evidence available for analysis Constraints on what can be gathered (confidentiality, etc.) Accuracy of records Consistency of record collection procedures Bias in evaluators, especially if they are internal to the social problems process Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 11. Evaluating Policy 際際滷 4 Special groups are created for policy evaluation. National, state and local commissions are meant to lend credibility to the evaluation process. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 12. Evaluating Policy 際際滷 5 Appellate courts act as policy evaluators. They are sometimes asked to rule on the constitutionality of a policy. They are asked to alter policy in a number of ways Implementation timetables Expand or narrow the range of persons the policy affects Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company
  • 13. Social Problems, Third Edition Copyright 息 2016 W.W. Norton & Company Policy Debates Ideology often breaks down policy outcomes into predictable sides. Leftist ideologies stress equality and concerns about discrimination and need for equality. Rightist ideologies stress liberty and order. A policy may be regarded as a success, a failure, or in need of additional work.