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Chapter 9

E
ericafischer

The document discusses the development of the federal bureaucracy in the United States. It describes how the bureaucracy grew out of the need to implement and enforce laws passed by Congress. It outlines Max Weber's model of bureaucracy as having clear lines of authority, specialized divisions of labor, and decisions based on merit rather than patronage. The spoils system formerly gave political parties control over civil service jobs, but the Pendleton Act established the modern merit-based civil service system.

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Federal Bureaucracy
Executive Branch and the development of the Bureaucracy Although congress makes the laws, it must rely on the bureaucrats in the executive branch to enforce and implement them Ex- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)- charged with enforcing federal anti discrimination laws- they have the power not only to make rules but also to settle disputes
The Weberian Model Max Weber, German sociologist believed: A chain of command in which authority flows from top to bottom A division of labor whereby work is divided among specialized workers to increase productivity Clear lines of authority among workers and their superiors A goal orientation that determines structures, authority and rules Impersonality, whereby all employees are treated fairly based on merit and all clients are served equally, according to established rules Productivity- where all work is evaluated according to established rules A well-organized machine with lots of working parts! (Somewhat idealistic)
History of the Bureaucracy 1789- Only three departments existed under the Articles of Confederation: Foreign Affairs, war and Treasury Civil War (1861-1865)- increased the Bureaucracy as we were gearing up for war Bad harvests led to the creation of the Dept of Agriculture Increase in size, led to an increase in federal jobs (used as patronage) Jackson said to the victor belongs the spoils (spoils system-firing of public office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party
From the Spoils System to the Merit System Pendleton Act (in response to Pres. Garfields assassination) Also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 Created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system (bipartisan) Classified federal service jobs by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party Initially only 10 % of positions were covered by thte law, but later laws and E.O extended coverage for over 90% of all federal employees New system is called the Merit System, based on Webers model
Merit System: system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations. Civil Service System: System created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made.
What is going on in the news now that would relate to this? Anyone? Anyone?

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Chapter 9

  • 2. Executive Branch and the development of the Bureaucracy Although congress makes the laws, it must rely on the bureaucrats in the executive branch to enforce and implement them Ex- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)- charged with enforcing federal anti discrimination laws- they have the power not only to make rules but also to settle disputes
  • 3. The Weberian Model Max Weber, German sociologist believed: A chain of command in which authority flows from top to bottom A division of labor whereby work is divided among specialized workers to increase productivity Clear lines of authority among workers and their superiors A goal orientation that determines structures, authority and rules Impersonality, whereby all employees are treated fairly based on merit and all clients are served equally, according to established rules Productivity- where all work is evaluated according to established rules A well-organized machine with lots of working parts! (Somewhat idealistic)
  • 4. History of the Bureaucracy 1789- Only three departments existed under the Articles of Confederation: Foreign Affairs, war and Treasury Civil War (1861-1865)- increased the Bureaucracy as we were gearing up for war Bad harvests led to the creation of the Dept of Agriculture Increase in size, led to an increase in federal jobs (used as patronage) Jackson said to the victor belongs the spoils (spoils system-firing of public office holders of a defeated political party and their replacement with loyalists of the newly elected party
  • 5. From the Spoils System to the Merit System Pendleton Act (in response to Pres. Garfields assassination) Also known as the Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 Created the Civil Service Commission to administer a partial merit system (bipartisan) Classified federal service jobs by grades, to which appointments were made based on the results of a competitive examination It made it illegal for federal political appointees to be required to contribute to a particular political party Initially only 10 % of positions were covered by thte law, but later laws and E.O extended coverage for over 90% of all federal employees New system is called the Merit System, based on Webers model
  • 6. Merit System: system by which federal civil service jobs are classified into grades or levels, to which appointments are made on the basis of performance on competitive examinations. Civil Service System: System created by civil service laws by which many appointments to the federal bureaucracy are made.
  • 7. What is going on in the news now that would relate to this? Anyone? Anyone?